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. 2017 Mar 3;8:225. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00225

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Intact in vivo MyD88 signaling in B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), or macrophages is required for robust vaccine-induced humoral responses by toll-like receptor (TLR)-based adjuvants. Total ovalbumin (OVA)-IgG concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) following immunization with (A) PBS, OVA alone or mixed with TLR-dependent adjuvants PorB, CpG or (B) with TLR-independent adjuvant MF59 or alum. Wild-type, Mac-MyD88−/−, DC-MyD88−/−, and B-cell-MyD88−/− mice, respectively, were immunized three times at 2-week interval. The results shown are from samples collected 2 weeks after each immunization and representative of two experiments with a total of four to eight mice per immunization. Statistics were calculated based on a non-parametrical one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test (ns, not significant P > 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001). Symbol (–) indicates that IgG levels were below detectable level.