Table 2.
Hazard ratios of type 2 diabetes by consumption of total fish, the Cohort of Swedish Men 1998–2012
| Categories of total fish consumption, servings/week (median) | p for trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 (0.9) | 1–<2 (1.4) | 2–<3 (2.4) | 3–<4 (3.5) | ≥4 (5) | ||
| No. of cases | 1104 | 1363 | 609 | 378 | 170 | |
| Person-years | 142,599 | 178,573 | 84,243 | 42,606 | 19,940 | |
| Age-adjusted model | 1.00 (ref) | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) | 0.93 (0.84–1.03) | 1.06 (0.94–1.19) | 1.01 (0.86–1.19) | 0.67 |
| Multivariable modela | 1.00 (ref) | 1.02 (0.95–1.11) | 1.01 (0.91–1.12) | 1.10 (0.98–1.24) | 1.00 (0.85–1.18) | 0.48 |
| Multivariable model 2 (+contaminants)b | 1.00 (ref) | 0.95 (0.84–1.07) | 0.86 (0.72–1.03) | 0.89 (0.71–1.12) | 0.79 (0.60–1.04) | 0.13 |
Total fish is the sum of three finfish items: herring/mackerel, salmon/whitefish/char and cod/saithe/fish fingers
Adjusted for attained age, body mass index (kg/m2; <20, 20–24.9, 25–29.9, ≥30), physical activity (metabolic equivalent hours per day; quartiles), education (primary school, high school, university), cigarette smoking (never, former, current ≤10 cigarettes/day or >10 cigarettes/day), total energy intake (kcal/day; quintiles), intake of alcohol (g/day; quartiles) and DASH diet component score (based on intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes, low-fat dairy, whole grains, sodium, sweetened beverages, and red and processed meats; quartiles)
aAdditionally adjusted for dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (ng/day, quintiles) and methyl mercury (µg/day, quintiles)