Table 2.

Projected decline in hospital costs from low birth weight births due to implementing GWLs in the U.S.

Prenatal Smoking		Estimated Decline in Prenatal Smoking Due to GWLs		Derivation
		12%	20%
1	Estimated reduction in number of women who smoke while pregnant due to GWLs	40,128	66,880	Baseline of 334,400 births to women who smoke from 2013 Natality data, times 12% or 20%
	Low Birth Weight
2	Decline in probability of LBW births due to deterred smoking	0.043	0.043	Table 1
3	Decline in number of LBW births	1726	2876	Line 1 times line 2
4	Average cost per LBW birth	$23,746	$23,746	See discussion in text
5	Reduction in hospital costs from LBW births due to reduced prenatal smoking	$40,973,818	$68,289,697	Line 3 times line 4
	Very Low Birth Weight
6	Decline in probability of VLBW births due to deterred smoking	0.003	0.003	Table 1
7	Decline in number of VLBW births	120.38	200.64	Line 1 times line 6
8	Average cost per VLBW birth	$84,627	$84,627	See discussion in text
9	Reduction in hospital costs from VLBW births due to reduced prenatal smoking	$10,187,737	$16,979,651	Line 7 times line 8
	Extremely Low Birth Weight
10	Decline in probability of ELBW births due to deterred smoking	0.0021	0.0021	Table 1
11	Decline in number of ELBW births	84.27	140.45	Line 1 times line 10
12	Average cost per ELBW birth	$106,448	$106,448	See discussion in text
13	Reduction in hospital costs from ELBW births due to reduced prenatal smoking	$8,970,245	$14,950,409	Line 11 times line 12

GWLs: Graphic Warning Labels; LBW: Low Birth Weight; VLBW: Very Low Birth Weight.