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. 2017 Feb 18;14(2):205. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14020205

Table A5.

Differences in time spent on smart device activities, overall use and its purposes between included and excluded respondents by grades.

Grade Included Excluded Group Difference
Time Spent 1 Time Spent
No 1–60 min 61–120 min 121–180 min 181–240 min >240 min No 1–60 min 61–120 min 121–180 min 181–240 min >240 min
n n n n n n n n n n n n Chi-Squared 2 p
Overall Overall
5 1 9 12 7 8 8 17 21 10 8 2 2 χ2 (5, n = 105) = 24.84 <0.001
6 2 13 28 13 6 18 18 17 12 5 5 5 χ2 (5, n = 142) = 28.91 <0.001
7 1 35 55 27 12 24 5 18 14 14 5 0 χ2 (5, n = 210) = 22.70 <0.001
8 1 18 39 29 23 34 4 19 15 8 3 2 χ2 (5, n = 195) = 30.92 <0.001
9 0 15 35 43 27 52 5 10 12 10 4 0 χ2 (5, n = 213) = 42.30 <0.001
10 0 15 37 40 31 75 2 7 15 19 5 0 χ2 (5, n = 246) = 38.21 <0.001
11 1 5 31 37 34 57 4 2 14 5 4 1 χ2 (5, n = 195) = 34.92 <0.001
12 0 1 3 8 4 25 0 2 5 6 2 0 χ2 (4, n = 56) = 18.76 0.001
Study Study
5 9 21 10 3 0 2 16 19 15 5 4 1 χ2 (5, n = 105) = 5.87 0.32
6 22 38 10 3 3 0 21 27 7 6 1 1 χ2 (5, n = 139) = 4.24 0.52
7 12 96 31 6 0 5 5 26 21 4 0 1 χ2 (4, n = 207) = 7.84 0.10
8 12 73 36 18 2 3 5 28 12 2 4 1 χ2 (5, n = 196) = 7.97 0.16
9 14 84 50 10 7 6 10 21 10 1 3 0 χ2 (5, n = 216) = 10.00 0.08
10 23 96 45 15 5 11 6 22 10 10 1 0 χ2 (5, n = 244) = 9.27 0.10
11 10 85 42 15 5 7 3 18 7 2 0 0 χ2 (5, n = 194) = 3.32 0.65
12 2 16 7 3 1 12 0 11 3 0 0 1 χ2 (5, n = 56) = 7.35 0.20
Leisure Leisure
5 2 16 11 7 3 6 7 29 11 10 2 7 χ2 (5, n = 111) = 3.49 0.63
6 3 19 24 11 4 15 4 22 13 12 11 9 χ2 (5, n = 147) = 8.28 0.14
7 5 66 40 16 5 18 2 23 11 10 9 2 χ2 (5, n = 207) = 15.16 0.01
8 2 41 33 29 13 26 2 18 12 9 5 8 χ2 (5, n = 198) = 1.85 0.87
9 1 39 44 32 20 34 2 11 12 8 8 5 χ2 (5, n = 216) = 6.30 0.28
10 0 25 52 34 26 56 2 11 11 15 6 4 χ2 (5, n = 242) = 20.71 0.001
11 2 22 41 40 25 34 2 9 10 5 2 3 χ2 (5, n = 195) = 11.91 0.04
12 0 4 5 8 5 19 0 4 3 7 1 0 χ2 (4, n = 56) = 12.95 0.01
Watching TV/movie Watching TV/movie
5 8 17 11 1 3 5 16 20 14 10 2 6 χ2 (5, n = 113) = 6.51 0.26
6 13 32 15 8 2 10 7 13 19 16 6 8 χ2 (5, n = 149) = 14.45 0.01
7 35 64 30 12 4 9 12 17 16 8 2 3 χ2 (5, n = 212) = 4.76 0.45
8 25 53 35 14 6 11 12 13 10 13 1 4 χ2 (5, n = 197) = 9.58 0.09
9 33 57 41 21 4 16 9 13 11 7 3 4 χ2 (5, n = 219) = 2.48 0.78
10 41 61 37 23 7 27 7 5 17 9 4 7 χ2 (5, n = 245) = 14.87 0.01
11 28 42 50 21 6 18 7 10 6 6 1 1 χ2 (5, n = 196) = 4.44 0.49
12 9 1 13 8 3 7 2 3 6 3 0 1 χ2 (5, n = 56) = 7.31 0.20
Browsing Browsing
5 15 18 7 2 0 2 30 24 7 2 1 1 χ2 (5, n = 109) = 3.27 0.66
6 28 39 6 3 0 4 16 29 10 6 5 2 χ2 (5, n = 148) = 11.51 0.04
7 19 93 26 10 3 3 4 26 18 5 2 3 χ2 (5, n = 212) = 9.25 0.10
8 11 69 33 14 5 11 7 25 11 6 2 2 χ2 (5, n = 196) = 2.38 0.80
9 5 88 33 25 10 11 3 19 9 7 6 2 χ2 (5, n = 218) = 4.87 0.43
10 5 83 45 33 6 24 2 13 14 10 3 7 χ2 (5, n = 245) = 4.75 0.45
11 3 58 48 27 8 21 2 8 4 10 4 2 χ2 (5, n = 195) = 12.84 0.03
12 0 9 10 9 4 9 1 3 6 2 2 1 χ2 (5, n = 56) = 5.67 0.34
Posting Posting
5 22 14 5 0 0 3 40 12 9 4 0 1 χ2 (4, n = 110) = 7.42 0.12
6 43 27 2 3 0 4 30 19 9 6 2 1 χ2 (5, n = 146) = 12.06 0.03
7 54 77 14 5 0 3 17 22 13 2 1 2 χ2 (5, n = 210) = 10.71 0.06
8 38 65 20 12 0 7 14 26 6 3 1 3 χ2 (5, n = 195) = 3.42 0.64
9 49 84 19 11 4 5 9 23 8 4 2 0 χ2 (5, n = 218) = 4.43 0.49
10 46 82 24 13 9 21 16 14 9 5 2 3 χ2 (5, n = 244) = 5.69 0.34
11 54 74 16 9 0 12 10 7 5 5 2 1 χ2 (5, n = 195) = 20.01 0.001
12 12 14 2 6 2 5 3 7 2 1 1 1 χ2 (5, n = 56) = 2.85 0.72
Messaging Messaging
5 14 16 7 2 2 3 28 21 7 4 2 4 χ2 (5, n = 110) = 1.83 0.87
6 26 36 8 3 1 5 16 24 11 5 3 9 χ2 (5, n = 147) = 7.11 0.21
7 19 77 30 14 6 7 6 20 14 6 5 6 χ2 (5, n = 210) = 7.02 0.22
8 14 66 31 13 6 13 4 17 14 7 5 6 χ2 (5, n = 196) = 5.13 0.40
9 6 83 45 17 7 13 4 16 11 5 7 3 χ2 (5, n = 217) = 10.74 0.06
10 8 79 45 21 9 32 4 9 8 5 12 11 χ2 (5, n = 243) = 26.17 <0.001
11 4 57 40 24 10 29 2 4 4 10 5 5 χ2 (5, n = 194) = 15.27 0.01
12 2 13 6 10 2 8 0 2 4 3 3 2 χ2 (5, n = 55) = 6.30 0.28
Gaming Gaming
5 3 21 12 1 3 5 10 31 13 2 7 6 χ2 (5, n = 114) = 2.83 0.73
6 14 26 20 5 1 14 9 16 15 9 10 10 χ2 (5, n = 149) = 12.61 0.03
7 42 55 28 11 8 9 9 21 11 4 10 4 χ2 (5, n = 212) = 9.59 0.09
8 33 42 29 12 7 20 7 19 8 11 1 8 χ2 (5, n = 197) = 8.76 0.12
9 38 58 27 21 6 20 7 10 11 12 5 1 χ2 (5, n = 216) = 15.70 0.01
10 40 53 38 18 19 29 12 12 5 9 4 7 χ2 (5, n = 246) = 5.41 0.37
11 45 47 27 17 8 20 8 10 4 6 2 1 χ2 (5, n = 195) = 4.21 0.52
12 4 4 7 9 6 11 4 5 1 3 2 0 χ2 (5, n = 56) = 10.89 0.05

1 Average time spent on a smart device activity or smart device use per day on which the activity was conducted or the device was used in the latest week before survey. 2 Pearson’s chi square test, 2-sided.