Table 4. Cox proportional hazard analysis of risk for cardiovascular mortality in haemodialysis patients according to clinical predictors and circulating TNF related markers in univariate and multivariate models.
| Baseline Characteristics | Univariate model |
Multivariate modela |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| Clinical predictors (Units of increase) | ||||
| Female gender | 0.31 (0.14–0.70) | 0.005 | 0.36 (0.16–0.81) | <0.01 |
| Age (10 yrs) | 1.28 (0.96–1.72) | 0.10 | ||
| Body mass index (1 kg/m2) | 0.98 (0.89–1.08) | 0.71 | ||
| SBP (10 mmHg) | 0.88 (0.75–1.03) | 0.12 | ||
| SBP [mmHg] | ||||
| 140–160 (ref.) vs. <140 | 2.45 (1.10–5.45) | 0.03 | ||
| 140–160 (ref.) vs. > 160 | 1.73 (0.74–4.04) | 0.21 | ||
| DBP (10 mmHg) | 0.80 (0.60–1.08) | 0.14 | ||
| DBP [mmHg] | ||||
| <80 (ref.) vs. ≥80 | 0.48 (0.24–0.99) | 0.045 | ||
| Prior CVD (0 = no; 1 = yes) | 3.97 (2.12–7.43) | <0.0001 | 3.86 (2.05–7.25) | <0.0001 |
| Albumin (1 g/dL) | 0.38 (0.18–0.81) | 0.01 | ||
| hs-CRP (1 mg/L) | 1.24 (1.04–1.48) | 0.02 | ||
| Circulating TNF markers: Categorical variable Q1–3 (ref.) vs. Q4 | ||||
| TNFα | 1.43 (0.73–2.82) | 0.30 | 0.33 (0.15–0.75) | 0.97 |
| TNFR1 | 2.18 (1.15–4.15) | 0.02 | 2.15 (1.13–4.10) | 0.02 |
| TNFR2 | 2.00 (1.04–3.83) | 0.04 | 1.54 (0.80–2.99) | 0.20 |
| Continuous variable | ||||
| TNFα (1SD = 0.29) | 1.21 (0.90–1.63) | 0.20 | 1.10 (0.80–1.50) | 0.57 |
| TNFR1 (1SD = 0.25) | 1.31 (0.94–1.83) | 0.12 | 1.19 (0.84–1.70) | 0.33 |
| TNFR2 (1SD = 0.24) | 1.50 (1.10–2.05) | <0.01 | 1.33 (0.97–1.82) | 0.09 |
aThe effect of each TNF marker was examined separately while controlling for clinical predictors. Hazard ratios for clinical predictors are from the multivariate model with TNFR1. Abbreviations used in this table are the same as in Table 1.