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. 2017 Mar 3;7:43213. doi: 10.1038/srep43213

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Representative immunofluorescence microscopy images of HFL-1 for α-SMA (A) HFL-1 cells treated with TGF-β1, nicotine, TGF-β1 co-treated with nicotine, or no treatment control for 24 hrs or 72 hrs. The cell nuclei were stained with Dapi (blue) and actin with Phalloidin (green). Representative immunostaining of α-SMA-positive filamentous structures (yellow). (B) Treatment for 24 hrs, 48 hrs, or 72 hrs with TGF-β1, PG/VG, E-cig, TGF-β1 co-treated with PG/VG, or TGF-β1 with E-cig. Original magnification, 200x. Data are a representative of at least three reproducible experiments. E-cig, e-cigarette; PG, propylene glycol; VG, vegetable glycerin.