Table 1.
Clinical characteristics at baseline and at 12 weeks after the administration of luseogliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes
| Baseline | 12 weeks | p values | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 55 ± 12 | ||
| Gender (% female) | 26 | ||
| SBP (mmHg) | 137 ± 14 | 128 ± 15 | 0.035 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 83 ± 7 | 80 ± 7 | 0.023 |
| Body weight (kg) | 82.2 ± 11.4 | 79.5 ± 11.5 | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.7 ± 2.7 | 27.8 ± 2.9 | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 101 ± 8 | 99 ± 8 | 0.067 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 57.9 ± 5.4 | 50.9 ± 4.5 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.5 ± 0.7 | 6.8 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 7.6 ± 2.2 | 6.8 ± 1.6 | 0.026 |
| Insulin (μU/ml) | 8.9 (5.3–13.6) | 8.1 (4.7–11.7) | 0.030 |
| HOMA-IR (N = 15) | 3.6 (1.5–4.8) | 2.6 (1.3–3.8) | 0.006 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.67 (1.15–2.85) | 1.10 (0.93–2.39) | 0.044 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.38 ± 0.36 | 1.36 ± 0.33 | 0.605 |
| LDL cholesterol(mmol/l) | 2.89 ± 0.51 | 3.02 ± 0.66 | 0.267 |
| AST (U/l) | 24 (18–40) | 23 (17–28) | 0.075 |
| ALT (U/l) | 19 (17–43) | 23 (18–30) | 0.407 |
| γ-GTP (U/l) | 35 (23–80) | 28 (19–59) | 0.088 |
| Estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 69.7 ± 13.8 | 68.1 ± 13.3 | 0.407 |
| Log urinary ACR (mg/g) | 1.62 ± 0.55 | 1.56 ± 0.48 | 0.232 |
| Uric acid (μmol/l) | 351 ± 64 | 326 ± 91 | 0.107 |
| Log CRP (mg/l) | −0.01 ± 0.45 | −0.10 ± 0.33 | 0.392 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 14.1 ± 3.3 | 15.3 ± 1.3 | 0.105 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 43.4 ± 3.1 | 45.7 ± 3.7 | <0.001 |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml) | 8.8 ± 3.3 | 8.5 ± 3.4 | 0.233 |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 13.9 ± 6.1 | 13.1 ± 6.8 | 0.377 |
| Log Interleukin 6 (pg/ml) | 0.30 ± 0.23 | 0.24 ± 0.26 | 0.278 |
| EFV (cm3) | 117 (96–136) | 111 (88–134) | 0.048 |
| VFA (cm2) | 167 (134–201) | 151 (124–209) | 0.811 |
| SFA (cm2) | 226 (184–273) | 218 (178–240) | 0.184 |
| Liver attenuation index | 1.03 ± 0.21 | 1.04 ± 0.22 | 0.670 |
| Body fat (%) | 36.9 ± 5.6 | 36.2 ± 6.0 | 0.027 |
| Non-fat mass in upper extremities (kg) | 5.7 ± 1.3 | 5.5 ± 1.3 | 0.012 |
| Non-fat mass in lower extremities (kg) | 16.8 ± 3.3 | 16.3 ± 3.4 | 0.012 |
| Android (kg) | 3.4 ± 1.4 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 0.126 |
| Gynoid (kg) | 4.6 ± 1.8 | 3.8 ± 1.0 | 0.186 |
| Total fat mass (kg) | 29.3 ± 5.9 | 27.9 ± 6.3 | <0.001 |
| Total non-fat mass (kg) | 50.4 ± 8.4 | 49.3 ± 8.4 | 0.003 |
| Skeletal muscle index | 7.81 ± 1.09 | 7.58 ± 1.11 | 0.004 |
ACR albumin-to-creatinine ratio, ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate transaminase, CRP C-reactive protein, DBP diastolic blood pressure, EFV epicardial fat volume, GFR glomerular filtration ratio, GTP glutamyl transpeptidase, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment as an index of insulin resistance, LDL low-density lipoprotein, SBP systolic blood pressure, SFA subcutaneous fat area, VFA, visceral fat area