Table 5.

Indications for measuring BMD (13)

Older adults (age >50 yr)

Younger adults (age <50 yr)

Age ≥65 yr (both women and men) Clinical risk factors for fracture (menopausal women, men aged 50–64 yr) - Fragility fracture after the age of 40 yr - Prolonged use of glucocorticoids - Use of other high-risk medications - Vertebral fracture or osteopenia identified on radiography - Other disorders strongly associated with osteoporosis - Current smoking - High alcohol intake - Vertebral fracture or osteopenia identified on radiography - Low body weight (<60 kg) or major weight loss (>10% of body weight at the age of 25 yr) - Rheumatoid arthritis - Parental hip fracture

Fragility fracture Hypogonadism or premature menopause (age<45 yr) Malabsorption syndrome Prolonged use of glucocorticoids* Use of other high-risk medications** Primary hyperparathyroidism Other disorders strongly associated with rapid bone loss and/or Fracture

BMD: bone mineral density; yr: years; kg: kilogram

^*At least 3 months cumulative therapy in the previous year at a prednisone-equivalent dose of 7.5 mg

^**Aromatase inhibitors or androgen deprivation therapy use of thiazolidinediones, proton pump inhibitors