FIGURE 3.

TAA displayed much stronger nematicidal activity than CAA on J2s of M. incognita. A, chemical structural formulas of CAA and TAA isomers. The conformational differences between the 1-carboxyl groups in CAA and TAA molecules are highlighted in red and blue, respectively. B, bioassays of CAA and TAA standards on J2s of M. incognita. Each bioassay included three biological repeats, and treatment for each concentration contained three technological repeats. After 72 h, the total and living numbers of J2s in CAA and TAA bioassays were recorded and used to calculate the LC₅₀ values by probit analysis (IBM SPSS software). Data are means ± S.D. (error bars).