Table 3. Hazard ratios* and 95% confidence intervals for all cause and cause-specific mortality according to height in women.
| Height | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cause of death | <156 cm | 156-<160 cm | 160-<163 cm | 163-<168 cm | ≧168cm | P for linear trend† | HR (95% CI) per 5 cm increase in height | ||
| All-cause mortality | Person-years | 590,468 | 628,657 | 581,655 | 680,731 | 791,060 | |||
| Deaths | 3,167 | 2,884 | 2,695 | 2,879 | 2,865 | ||||
| HR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 1.04 (0.99–1.10) | 0.98 (0.93–1.04) | 1.01 (0.95–1.08) | 0.66 | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | ||
| Cause-specific mortality | Person-years | 554,304 | 587,926 | 543,440 | 635,688 | 745,828 | |||
| Cancer | Deaths | 1,138 | 1,254 | 1,201 | 1,335 | 1,483 | |||
| HR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.07 (0.98–1.16) | 1.14 (1.04–1.24) | 1.09 (0.99–1.19) | 1.17 (1.07–1.28) | <0.01 | 1.05 (1.02–1.07) | ||
| Smoking-related cancer | Deaths | 503 | 512 | 542 | 540 | 551 | |||
| HR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.97 (0.81–1.17) | 1.08 (0.89–1.31) | 0.98 (0.81–1.19) | 0.98 (0.80–1.20) | 0.79 | 1.00 (0.95–1.04) | ||
| Non smoking-related cancer | Deaths | 635 | 742 | 659 | 795 | 932 | |||
| HR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.12 (0.96–1.30) | 1.11 (0.95–1.30) | 1.00 (0.86–1.17) | 1.10 (0.94–1.28) | 0.62 | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | ||
| Circulatory disease | Deaths | 842 | 638 | 506 | 521 | 440 | |||
| HR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.95 (0.85–1.06) | 0.92 (0.82–1.04) | 0.86 (0.76–0.98) | 0.81 (0.70–0.93) | <0.01 | 0.94 (0.91–0.97) | ||
| Ischaemic heart disease | Deaths | 303 | 233 | 179 | 188 | 135 | |||
| HR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.89 (0.75–1.07) | 0.83 (0.68–1.01) | 0.78 (0.64–0.96) | 0.61 (0.48–0.78) | <0.01 | 0.88 (0.83–0.93) | ||
| Myocardial infarction | Deaths | 147 | 113 | 109 | 110 | 84 | |||
| HR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.86 (0.66–1.12) | 0.96 (0.73–1.26) | 0.84 (0.63–1.12) | 0.67 (0.49–0.92) | 0.02 | 0.89 (0.82–0.96) | ||
| Cerebrovascular disease | Deaths | 274 | 197 | 180 | 158 | 134 | |||
| HR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.94 (0.77–1.14) | 1.07 (0.87–1.32) | 0.88 (0.70–1.10) | 0.84 (0.65–1.07) | 0.15 | 0.96 (0.90–1.02) | ||
| Haemorrhagic stroke | Deaths | 73 | 73 | 64 | 66 | 67 | |||
| HR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.98 (0.70–1.37) | 0.99 (0.69–1.43) | 0.88 (0.61–1.28) | 0.89 (0.60–1.33) | 0.48 | 0.97 (0.88–1.07) | ||
| Ischemic stroke | Deaths | 21 | 25 | 27 | 22 | 16 | |||
| HR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.99 (0.54–1.80) | 1.10 (0.60–2.03) | 0.77 (0.40–1.48) | 0.59 (0.28–1.22) | 0.10 | 0.86 (0.72–1.01) | ||
| Respiratory disease | Deaths | 179 | 108 | 118 | 134 | 89 | |||
| HR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.72 (0.56–0.93) | 0.95 (0.73–1.23) | 0.98 (0.75–1.26) | 0.75 (0.56–1.01) | 0.31 | 0.96 (0.89–1.03) | ||
| Other cause of death | Deaths | 568 | 470 | 442 | 436 | 461 | |||
| HR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.91 (0.80–1.04) | 1.01 (0.88–1.16) | 0.88 (0.76–1.01) | 0.95 (0.82–1.11) | 0.44 | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | ||
* Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) estimated in a Cox regression model stratified by centre, 1-year age and 5-year birth cohort categories, adjusted for education level (none,/primary school completed, technical/professional school, secondary school, university degree, not specified), smoking status (never smoker, former smoker who quit <10 years ago, former smoker who quit >10 years ago, former smoker, unknown when quit, current smoker of 1–14 cigarettes a day, current smoker of 15–24 cigarettes a day, current smoker of > = 25 cigarettes a day, current smoker but amount missing, smoking status unknown), physical activity (inactive, moderately inactive, moderately active, active), alcohol consumption (0, 0-<5, 5-<15, 15-<30, 30-<60, > = 60 g/day), weight (quintiles), intake of energy (kcals/day, continuous), menopausal status (pre, post-, peri-, unknown) and menopausal hormone use (yes, no, unknown).
† Median values of each category as continuous variable (cm).