Fig 3. Doxorubicin (Doxo) induces crypt loss followed by crypt deepening and proliferation in non-antibiotic treated (NoAbx) mice, but not in antibiotic-treated (Abx) mice.

A. Number of crypts was quantified in control mice and 5 days following treatment with Doxo. Results expressed as total number of crypts per 1000 μm (left) and total number of crypts per cross-section (right). B. Crypt depth (μm) was quantified in control mice and 5 days following treatment with Doxo. C. H&E staining of representative cross-sections at 64X. Yellow arrowheads denote individual crypts. D. Proliferation was evaluated by quantification of pHH3+ cells in control mice and 5 days following treatment with Doxo. E. IHC staining of representative cross-sections at 64X. Brown cells denote pHH3+ cells. n = 3–5 per time point per group. * = values significantly different from respective control; P<0.05. # = values significantly different between groups (NoAbx & Abx) within a specific time point; P<0.05.