Acute and subchronic ozone exposures induce hepatic gluconeogenesis. PTT was conducted in animals at (A) week 1, day 1 (1 wk-D1), (B) week 13, day 1 (13 wk-D1) and (C) week 13, day 3 (13 wk-D3). Bar graphs show respective area under the curve (AUC) values for each test. Values indicate mean ± SEM (n = 8–10). *Indicates significant ozone effect when compared to matching air group (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).