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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 3.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2016 Jun 28;306:47–57. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.06.027

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

The effect of subchronic ozone exposure and 1wk recovery on insulin signaling in liver and muscle tissue. Half of the rats from each group were I.P. injected with 1.0 IU insulin/kg body weight 10–15 min prior to blood collection (necropsy) to enhance phosphorylation of AKT (pAKT), which mediates glucose uptake through insulin receptors. The levels of total AKT and pAKT were measured in the (A) liver and (B) muscle extracts, and the relative pAKT levels were normalized to non-insulin injected air control group at each respective time point. Values indicate mean ± SEM (n = 4–5). †Indicates significance between insulin injected and non-insulin injected rats (p < 0.05).