Table I.
Baseline characteristics of the study population and comparison with excluded subjects
| Study populationa |
Excluded populationa |
P valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | (n = 101) | (n = 38) | |
| Age, years | 59.4 ± 13.0 | 64.0 ± 12.4 | .06 |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 34 (34) | 14 (37) | .72 |
| Male | 67 (66) | 24 (63) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 33.3 ± 10.3 | 31.0 ± 5.8 | .10 |
| Type of DM | |||
| Type 1 | 18 (18) | 6 (16) | .78 |
| Type 2 | 83 (82) | 32 (84) | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never smoked | 37 (37) | 12 (32) | .75 |
| Past smoker | 38 (38) | 17 (45) | |
| Current smoker | 25 (25) | 9 (23) | |
| Ulcers | (n = 120) | (n = 44) | |
| Wound age, days | 103.8 ± 213.2 | 100.4 ± 157.4 | .91 |
| Affected side | |||
| Right | 58 (48) | 23 (52) | .65 |
| Left | 62 (52) | 21 (48) | |
| Infection | |||
| Yes | 70 (58) | 17 (39) | .02 |
| No | 50 (42) | 27 (61) | |
| Peripheral arterial diseasec |
|||
| Yes | 62 (52) | 26 (59) | .40 |
| No | 58 (48) | 18 (41) | |
| Vascular intervention | |||
| Yes | 32 (27) | 11 (25) | .83 |
| No | 88 (73) | 33 (75) | |
| NLR | 6.82 ± 6.66 | ||
| Blood glucose on referral, mg/dL |
209.7 ± 124.5 | 162.1 ± 83.6 | .03 |
| Systolic blood pressure on referral, mm Hg |
133.3 ± 23.9 | 132.1 ± 18.6 | .77 |
| Outcome | |||
| Complete healing | 24 (20) | 12 (27) | .55 |
| Minor amputation | 58 (48) | 20 (45) | |
| Major amputation | 16 (14) | 3 (7) | |
| Chronic wound | 22 (18) | 9 (21) | |
| Time to heal, months | 7.3 ± 6.2 | 5.9 ± 4.3 | .48 |
| Chronic wound follow-up time, months |
12.3 ± 13.6 | 7.0 ± 5.2 | .13 |
BMI, Body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.
a
Numerical data are summarized as mean ± standard deviation, and categorical measures are shown as frequency (percentage).
b
Numerical measures are compared with independent samples t-test, and frequencies are compared using χ2 test.
c
Defined as ankle-brachial index <0.92 or toe-brachial index <0.6 or vascular intervention for current ulcer treatment.