Table 1.

Skin manifestations of insulin resistance

	Topography	Clinical manifestations	Histopathology	Treatment
Acrochordons	Intertriginous areas (neck, axillae, and groin)	Soft, pedunculated papules, skin colored or slightly hyperpigmented	Papillomatosis, acanthosis, surrounding fibrovascular tissue (collagen fibers and thin-walled dilated capillaries)	Excision, electrosurgery, cryotherapy
Acanthosis nigricans	Knuckles, intertriginous areas (neck, axillae, elbows, groin)	Symmetrical, velvety, light brown to black thickened plaques and accentuation of skin marks	Hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and papillomatosis	Lifestyle changes, oral or topical retinoids, ammonium lactate, lactic acid
Androgenetic alopecia	Scalp-bitemporal recession and vertex	Progressive diffuse thinning of hair leading to bald patch	Replacement of terminal hairs by vellus hairs, increased telogen:anagen ratio	Oral finasteride, dutasteride, topical minoxidil 2% and 5%