. 2016 Oct 13;54(4):921–932. doi: 10.1007/s13197-016-2356-z

Table 2.

Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), total antioxidant activity (TAA), ferric reducing power (FRP), DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extracts using different solvents

Solvent	Fraction	TPC (mg GAE/g)		TFC (mg CE/g)		TAA (μmol AAE/g)		FRP (μmol AAE/g)		DPPH (%)
Solvent	Fraction	Conventional	Ultrasound	Conventional	Ultrasound	Conventional	Ultrasound	Conventional	Ultrasound	Conventional	Ultrasound
Acetone	Hull	63.29 ± 0.62ⁿ	79.65 ± 0.83^o	0.86 ± 0.01ⁱ	1.40 ± 0.05^l	66.70 ± 0.90ⁿ	98.85 ± 0.73^o	48.92 ± 0.88ⁿ	57.11 ± 0.74^o	76.75 ± 0.69^m	86.31 ± 0.57^p
	Cotyledon	9.04 ± 0.10^ab	15.33 ± 0.71^fg	0.14 ± 0.01^a	0.18 ± 0.01^abc	25.19 ± 0.66^b	43.01 ± 0.79^hi	6.09 ± 0.27^ab	6.58 ± 0.13^abc	20.12 ± 0.66^b	32.61 ± 0.14^e
	Whole	19.68 ± 0.22^h	31.31 ± 0.68^k	0.26 ± 0.01^c	0.55 ± 0.01^ef	35.70 ± 0.67^d	51.93 ± 0.60^l	7.87 ± 0.36^cde	11.91 ± 0.67^gh	28.13 ± 0.40^d	65.27 ± 0.35^l
Ethanol	Hull	37.74 ± 0.27^l	42.22 ± 0.70^m	0.85 ± 0.01ⁱ	1.13 ± 0.08^k	52.46 ± 0.55^l	55.46 ± 0.55^m	28.22 ± 0.56^l	33.06 ± 0.44^m	81.30 ± 0.43ⁿ	83.59 ± 0.32^o
	Cotyledon	8.65 ± 0.48^ab	13.31 ± 0.68^de	0.13 ± 0.01^a	0.16 ± 0.01^ab	30.84 ± 0.72^c	41.12 ± 0.81^gh	7.42 ± 0.22^bcd	11.30 ± 0.42^gh	12.82 ± 0.43^a	32.15 ± 0.47^e
	Whole	20.23 ± 0.62^h	25.87 ± 0.85^j	0.48 ± 0.01^e	0.71 ± 0.04^h	42.96 ± 0.94^hi	47.45 ± 0.85^k	8.20 ± 0.48^de	15.07 ± 0.49ⁱ	44.29 ± 0.56^h	50.23 ± 0.39^j
Methanol	Hull	31.48 ± 0.50^k	36.81 ± 0.88^l	0.67 ± 0.01^gh	0.97 ± 0.06^j	50.81 ± 0.65^l	55.52 ± 1.17^m	21.54 ± 0.55^j	24.41 ± 0.61^k	80.87 ± 0.24ⁿ	83.21 ± 0.40^o
	Cotyledon	8.64 ± 0.47^ab	11.60 ± 0.59^cd	0.13 ± 0.00^a	0.16 ± 0.01^ab	36.13 ± 0.92^d	38.75 ± 0.90^ef	6.16 ± 0.21^ab	9.20 ± 0.10^ef	29.25 ± 0.41^d	36.49 ± 0.48^f
	Whole	19.89 ± 0.66^h	22.92 ± 0.76ⁱ	0.35 ± 0.01^d	0.61 ± 0.03^fg	40.38 ± 0.50^fg	44.67 ± 0.69^ij	8.90 ± 0.44^de	12.10 ± 0.42^h	39.88 ± 0.44^g	48.72 ± 0.34ⁱ
Water	Hull	16.05 ± 0.47^g	31.85 ± 0.79^k	0.24 ± 0.00^bc	0.92 ± 0.04i^j	29.60 ± 0.61^c	46.30 ± 0.68^jk	11.67 ± 0.33^gh	20.90 ± 0.68^j	61.63 ± 0.38^k	75.43 ± 0.58^m
	Cotyledon	7.62 ± 0.30^a	10.20 ± 0.81^bc	0.11 ± 0.01^a	0.17 ± 0.01^ab	18.56 ± 0.62^a	30.53 ± 0.64^c	5.77 ± 0.23^a	7.91 ± 0.46^cde	12.77 ± 0.24^a	25.23 ± 0.44^c
	Whole	14.06 ± 0.55^ef	20.49 ± 0.86^h	0.17 ± 0.01^ab	0.39 ± 0.01^d	25.24 ± 0.70^b	37.55 ± 0.74^de	7.54 ± 0.32^bcd	10.56 ± 0.55^fg	36.42 ± 0.39^f	49.54 ± 0.42^ij

Values expressed as mean (n = 3) ± standard deviation; Different letters in the same variable sub-columns represent statistically different results according to the Fisher HSD test (p < 0.05)

TPC total phenolic content, TFC total flavonoids content, TAA total antioxidant activity, FRP ferric reducing power, DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, GAE gallic acid equivalent, CE catechin equivalent, AAE ascorbic acid equivalent