. 2016 Oct 13;54(4):921–932. doi: 10.1007/s13197-016-2356-z

Table 3.

Effect of treatment and distribution of hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives phenolic acid (μg/g), hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives phenolic acid (μg/g), flavonoids (μg/g) and stilbene (μg/g) in the mung bean fraction extracts made with different selected solvents

Compound	Fraction	Acetone		Ethanol		Methanol		Water
Compound	Fraction	Conventional	Ultrasound	Conventional	Ultrasound	Conventional	Ultrasound	Conventional	Ultrasound
Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives phenolic acid (μg/g)
Gallic acid	Hull	41.46 ± 1.13^d	61.68 ± 0.98^m	50.70 ± 0.96^gh	53.69 ± 0.71^ijk	54.25 ± 0.65^jk	57.11 ± 0.85^l	37.76 ± 0.98^c	47.78 ± 0.61^f
	Cotyledon	29.68 ± 0.68^a	34.87 ± 0.85^b	42.29 ± 1.01^de	47.61 ± 0.93^f	40.76 ± 1.07^d	52.52 ± 0.53^hij	32.14 ± 0.65^a	44.80 ± 0.66^e
	Whole	48.84 ± 0.91^fg	55.34 ± 0.50^kl	63.62 ± 1.03^m	77.64 ± 0.97ⁿ	51.71 ± 0.76^hij	84.29 ± 0.76^o	51.12 ± 0.78^ghi	76.41 ± 0.83ⁿ
Protocatechuic acid	Hull	1263.98 ± 1.46^u	1973.36 ± 1.73^v	1233.40 ± 1.71^t	1086.58 ± 0.98^r	1204.38 ± 2.07^s	938.63 ± 1.18ⁿ	655.60 ± 1.47^d	699.65 ± 1.10^e
	Cotyledon	2287.71 ± 1.91^w	823.42 ± 1.00^l	772.67 ± 1.26ⁱ	757.49 ± 0.95^g	411.22 ± 1.64^a	805.94 ± 1.07^j	818.26 ± 1.00^k	1055.62 ± 1.42^q
	Whole	550.76 ± 1.08^b	3414.40 ± 2.80^x	766.21 ± 0.77^h	951.54 ± 1.14^o	969.56 ± 1.58^p	922.91 ± 1.00^m	607.45 ± 1.05^c	749.73 ± 1.04^f
Vanillic acid	Hull	5.12 ± 0.32^d	31.94 ± 0.40^j	16.19 ± 0.47^h	0.84 ± 0.01^a	9.48 ± 0.36^f	Trace	Trace	Trace
	Cotyledon	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
	Whole	14.66 ± 0.36^g	9.70 ± 0.36^f	40.30 ± 0.25^k	13.94 ± 0.21^g	25.48 ± 0.42ⁱ	4.28 ± 0.21^c	8.13 ± 0.47^e	3.41 ± 0.32^b
Chlorogenic acid	Hull	79.36 ± 1.23^e	142.43 ± 1.02ⁿ	112.48 ± 0.85^j	111.95 ± 0.90^j	117.44 ± 0.50^k	64.51 ± 0.76^c	84.71 ± 0.95^f	113.27 ± 0.76^j
	Cotyledon	57.39 ± 1.06^a	57.96 ± 0.76^a	72.67 ± 1.02^d	73.24 ± 0.81^d	74.32 ± 0.67^d	77.62 ± 0.81^e	61.04 ± 0.98^b	71.86 ± 0.03^d
	Whole	97.04 ± 0.95^h	136.48 ± 0.84^m	116.15 ± 0.74^k	130.21 ± 0.77^l	106.15 ± 0.52ⁱ	118.75 ± 1.05^k	77.95 ± 0.65^e	91.62 ± 1.00^g
Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives phenolic acid (μg/g)
Caffeic acid	Hull	25.74 ± 0.02^o	66.24 ± 0.08^s	23.58 ± 0.02^kl	23.54 ± 0.02^k	23.27 ± 0.02^j	23.64 ± 0.04^l	20.74 ± 0.03^b	28.47 ± 0.01^p
	Cotyledon	21.49 ± 0.06^d	31.04 ± 0.02^r	21.71 ± 0.01^e	22.75 ± 0.01^h	25.07 ± 0.03ⁿ	22.23 ± 0.01^f	30.68 ± 0.01^q	20.44 ± 0.01^a
	Whole	24.56 ± 0.04^m	22.90 ± 0.02ⁱ	21.19 ± 0.02^c	21.72 ± 0.03^e	22.40 ± 0.00^g	22.24 ± 0.02^f	20.75 ± 0.05^b	22.28 ± 0.01^f
p-Coumaric acid	Hull	309.81 ± 0.19ⁱ	326.91 ± 0.25^m	316.59 ± 0.42^l	316.55 ± 0.30^l	311.73 ± 0.32^g	314.35 ± 0.31^k	299.25 ± 0.21^e	326.41 ± 0.25^m
	Cotyledon	293.36 ± 0.25^b	293.86 ± 0.31^b	293.32 ± 0.25^b	291.80 ± 0.21^a	293.96 ± 0.42^b	291.81 ± 0.15^a	292.08 ± 0.50^a	291.74 ± 0.20^a
	Whole	296.31 ± 0.30^cd	303.88 ± 0.40^h	300.29 ± 0.25^f	303.75 ± 0.23^h	297.18 ± 0.17^d	301.21 ± 0.21^g	295.46 ± 0.25^c	298.51 ± 0.25^e
Ferulic acid	Hull	770.57 ± 2.47^k	1634.54 ± 1.81^s	1053.49 ± 5.05^q	1015.16 ± 9.39^p	909.25 ± 0.91^m	951.54 ± 1.21ⁿ	370.93 ± 0.44^f	1308.55 ± 0.82^r
	Cotyledon	37.22 ± 0.32^a	81.60 ± 0.28^d	37.56 ± 0.10^a	48.19 ± 0.34^bc	38.44 ± 0.43^ab	53.40 ± 0.18^c	34.42 ± 0.10^a	42.33 ± 0.12^ab
	Whole	406.49 ± 1.87^g	1052.07 ± 9.58^q	705.23 ± 3.91^j	976.17 ± 4.73^o	511.78 ± 0.55^h	797.44 ± 1.98^l	272.51 ± 1.06^e	657.04 ± 0.52ⁱ
Sinapic acid	Hull	2107.25 ± 2.85^j	3258.62 ± 27.66^q	2528.67 ± 0.38^o	2414.53 ± 0.29ⁿ	2260.55 ± 1.51^l	2260.84 ± 0.25^l	1460.98 ± 0.42^d	2828.65 ± 0.57^p
	Cotyledon	1034.33 ± 0.21^a	1058.25 ± 0.27^b	1034.85 ± 0.09^a	1043.25 ± 0.08^ab	1036.68 ± 0.15^a	1046.83 ± 0.06^ab	1040.10 ± 0.12^a	1040.28 ± 0.26^ab
	Whole	1518.72 ± 1.38^e	2304.84 ± 0.20^m	1907.70 ± 0.51^h	2220.77 ± 0.23^k	1631.22 ± 0.94^f	1978.78 ± 0.25ⁱ	1330.72 ± 0.19^c	1744.88 ± 3.25^g
Flavonoids and stilbene (μg/g)
Catechin	Hull	6.38 ± 0.42^b	33.98 ± 0.50^e	Trace	Trace	2.69 ± 0.24^a	13.43 ± 0.40^d	Trace	49.94 ± 0.76^g
	Cotyledon	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
	Whole	Trace	Trace	Trace	Trace	Trace	Trace	Trace	37.97 ± 0.35^f
Quercetin	Hull	13.26 ± 0.23ⁱ	37.02 ± 0.72^k	18.33 ± 0.40^j	11.26 ± 0.25^g	8.55 ± 0.47^e	6.27 ± 0.29^c	Trace	7.05 ± 0.07^cd
	Cotyledon	1.54 ± 0.31^a	7.17 ± 0.15^d	1.10 ± 0.10^a	7.39 ± 0.31^d	1.45 ± 0.21^a	6.25 ± 0.19^c	Trace	1.85 ± 0.31^a
	Whole	Trace	13.75 ± 0.25ⁱ	1.31 ± 0.21^a	12.35 ± 0.25^h	Trace	9.66 ± 0.38^f	Trace	5.09 ± 0.14^b
Luteolin	Hull	1279.03 ± 0.20^de	1284.15 ± 0.23^g	1279.78 ± 0.21^e	1280.60 ± 0.15^f	1278.41 ± 0.31^d	1280.76 ± 0.23^f	1275.94 ± 0.25^abc	1290.77 ± 0.21^h
	Cotyledon	1275.69 ± 0.38^a	1276.29 ± 0.22^abc	1275.77 ± 0.24^ab	1275.86 ± 0.15^ab	1275.65 ± 0.38^a	1276.00 ± 0.40^abc	1275.83 ± 0.20^ab	1276.21 ± 0.15^abc
	Whole	1276.57 ± 0.25^bc	1279.79 ± 0.31^e	1276.73 ± 0.15^c	1279.31 ± 0.22^e	1276.56 ± 0.26^bc	1279.56 ± 0.31^e	1276.27 ± 0.20^abc	1276.53 ± 0.25^bc
Resveratrol	Hull	17.45 ± 0.20^g	30.58 ± 0.61^k	23.31 ± 0.52^j	21.80 ± 0.56ⁱ	20.23 ± 0.46^h	18.55 ± 0.45^g	9.03 ± 0.19^e	12.17 ± 0.45^f
	Cotyledon	7.20 ± 0.33^ab	7.77 ± 0.26^abcd	7.04 ± 0.44^a	6.92 ± 0.47^a	7.10 ± 0.28^a	7.43 ± 0.34^ab	7.18 ± 0.17^ab	7.14 ± 0.23^ab
	Whole	7.46 ± 0.37^abc	11.55 ± 0.40^f	8.65 ± 0.36^cde	8.80 ± 0.66^de	7.15 ± 0.13^ab	8.34 ± 0.27^bcde	7.23 ± 0.20^ab	6.81 ± 0.18^a
Trans Stilbene	Hull	59.54 ± 0.20^def	59.87 ± 0.19^f	59.94 ± 0.32^f	57.71 ± 0.17^ab	59.76 ± 0.07^ef	57.65 ± 0.32^ab	212.31 ± 0.65^l	58.36 ± 0.24^abcd
	Cotyledon	59.58 ± 0.35^def	73.27 ± 0.25^h	59.56 ± 0.31^def	57.76 ± 0.15^ab	61.77 ± 0.15^g	57.95 ± 0.26^abc	59.10 ± 0.21^cdef	58.52 ± 0.13^bcd
	Whole	160.82 ± 0.81^j	58.60 ± 0.21^bcde	163.65 ± 0.72^k	58.19 ± 0.15^abc	59.52 ± 0.36^def	58.21 ± 0.22^abc	155.34 ± 1.00ⁱ	57.20 ± 0.15^a

Values expressed as mean (n = 3) ± standard deviation; Different letters in the same compound sub-rows and columns represent statistically different results according to the Fisher HSD test (p < 0.05)

ND not detected