. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Nephrol. 2016 Nov 8;32(4):643–649. doi: 10.1007/s00467-016-3512-4

Table 2.

Results from Cox proportional hazards models for time to renal replacement therapy (RRT) using time-varying assessment of recent angiotensin converting enzyme-I/angiotensin receptor blocker (ACE-I/ARB) use, unadjusted and adjusted for time-varying covariates and using inverse probability-of-treatment (IPT) weighting to assess the causal effect of continuous use of ACE-I/ARB.

	Hazard Ratio	Confidence Interval
Standard Regression Adjustment
Unadjusted
Recent ACE-I/ARB use	0.51	0.39, 0.67
Adjusted
Recent ACE-I/ARB use	0.79	0.59, 1.07
Age (per 1 year)	1.03	0.99, 1.08
Male Sex	1.05	0.77, 1.41
Glomerular DX	1.56	1.12, 2.17
GFR (per 1 ml/min\|1.73 m²)	0.90	0.89, 0.92
Nephrotic proteinuria	3.57	2.67, 4.78
Anemia	2.06	1.49, 2.84
Elevated BP	1.74	1.32, 2.30
High Phosphate	1.06	0.77, 1.48
High Potassium	1.13	0.78, 1.67
Acidosis	1.05	0.77, 1.43

MSM

Continuous ACE-I/ARB use (vs. never use)	0.63	0.46, 0.87

Definitions: Nephrotic Proteinuria =urine protein/creatinine ratio>2.0, anemia=hemoglobom <5^th %ile, Elevated blood pressure (BP)=systolic or diastolic BP>90^th %ile, Elevated phosphate =serum phosphate> 6.5 mg/dL for children <13 years old and > 4.5 mg/dL for children > 13 years, Elevated potassium= serum potassiums > 5.2 mEq/L, acidosis= serum CO2 < 22 mEq/L.

GFR, glomerular filtration rate

Bold signifies P<0.05