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. 2016 Nov 16;312(2):F266–F275. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00473.2016

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Hyperglycemia enhances mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. A: representative images of dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DDF) colocalizing with MitoTracker-labeled mitochondria in HUVEC. B: HUVEC respond to the calcium ionophore with a minor “hump” in mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production, as detected using DDF fluorescence (after selective loading of DDF in mitochondria). This process is dramatically enhanced by elevated ambient d-glucose (but not l-glucose) level. C: treatment of HUVEC cultured in 30 mM d-glucose for 24 h with Mn-TBAP abolishes the A-23187-induced increase in ROS production. D: ROS production by mitochondria isolated from livers of ZDF and ZL rats. Note that both the baseline and stimulated ROS production are enhanced in ZDF rats (*P < 0.05).