Table 3.
Care patterns.
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Virtual | RHCa | UCCb | EDc | PCPd | |||||
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n (%) | n (%) | P e | n (%) | P e | n (%) | P e | n (%) | P e | |
| All-cause follow-up care within 21 days of index visit, all conditions |
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Outpatient evaluation and management visit | 1302 (28.1) | 3955 (28.6) | .51 | 3525 (25.6) | .001 | 4732 (34.2) | <.001 | 3900 (28.1) | .99 |
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ED visit | 61 (1.3) | 223 (1.6) | .16 | 368 (2.7) | <.001 | 895 (6.5) | <.001 | 255 (1.8) | .02 |
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Inpatient visit | 7 (0.2) | 39 (0.3) | .12 | 57 (0.4) | .01 | 133 (1.0) | <.001 | 52 (0.4) | .02 |
| Lab tests within 21 days, all conditions | 582 (12.6) | 5089 (36.8) | <.001 | 5367 (39.0) | <.001 | 7356 (53.2) | <.001 | 5192 (37.4) | <.001 | |
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UTI | 85 (20.6) | 1085 (87.5) | <.001 | 1189 (96.0) | <.001 | 1222 (98.9) | <.001 | 1095 (88.4) | <.001 |
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Pharyngitis | 45 (15.8) | 770 (90.2) | <.001 | 719 (84.3) | <.001 | 560 (65.8) | <.001 | 627 (73.5) | <.001 |
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Sinusitis | 185 (11.0) | 949 (18.8) | <.001 | 1243 (24.6) | <.001 | 2351 (46.8) | <.001 | 1302 (25.7) | <.001 |
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Bronchitis | 40 (10.1) | 285 (23.9) | <.001 | 271 (22.7) | <.001 | 648 (54.6) | <.001 | 308 (25.8) | <.001 |
| Imaging rates within 21 days, all conditions | 307 (6.6) | 826 (6.0) | .11 | 1207 (8.8) | <.001 | 5960 (43.1) | <.001 | 1563 (11.3) | <.001 | |
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Cough | 18 (11.4) | 46 (9.7) | .55 | 106 (22.4) | .003 | 397 (84.6) | <.001 | 111 (23.5) | .001 |
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Bronchitis | 34 (8.6) | 114 (9.6) | .59 | 193 (16.2) | <.001 | 844 (71.0) | <.001 | 212 (17.8) | <.001 |
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UTI | 34 (8.2) | 85 (6.9) | .35 | 132 (10.7) | .16 | 763 (61.7) | <.001 | 227 (18.3) | <.001 |
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URI | 69 (8.1) | 144 (5.7) | .01 | 203 (8.0) | .91 | 1067 (42.1) | <.001 | 236 (9.3) | .31 |
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Sinusitis | 90 (5.3) | 287 (5.7) | .59 | 358 (7.1) | .01 | 2152 (42.8) | <.001 | 497 (9.8) | <.001 |
| Antibiotic fill rates within 3 daysf |
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Any of the 6 infections below | 1918 (70.5) | 4193 (64.2) | <.001 | 4243 (67.9) | .02 | 3534 (56.7) | <.001 | 4477 (68.2) | .03 |
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Sinusitis | 971 (83.9) | 2340 (86.3) | .06 | 2084 (79.2) | .001 | 1835 (67.8) | <.001 | 2327 (82.9) | .42 |
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Pharyngitis | 130 (74.3) | 138 (29.6) | <.001 | 236 (53.8) | <.001 | 199 (46.4) | <.001 | 249 (53.7) | <.001 |
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Bronchitis | 191 (68.5) | 278 (40.8) | <.001 | 521 (76.4) | .01 | 393 (62.1) | .06 | 545 (78.1) | .002 |
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Conjunctivitis | 157 (63.8) | 463 (78.6) | <.001 | 363 (64.9) | .76 | 278 (51.8) | .002 | 373 (61.1) | .47 |
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UTI | 217 (76.4) | 628 (90.5) | <.001 | 473 (74.0) | .44 | 419 (65.6) | .001 | 415 (62.6) | <.001 |
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URI | 252 (43.5) | 346 (24.9) | <.001 | 566 (43.7) | .30 | 410 (31.9) | <.001 | 568 (43.0) | .82 |
| Antibiotic type |
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Broad-spectrum antibiotic as first-line treatmentg | 1219 (69.0) | 2299 (60.0) | <.001 | 2561 (66.3) | .04 | 1961 (61.9) | <.001 | 2704 (69.3) | .82 |
aED: emergency department.
bPCP: primary care physician.
cRHC: retail health clinic.
dUCC: urgent care center.
eP values show level of significance of the differences between each location versus virtual visits.
fSample includes patients with the condition of interest and pharmacy coverage.
gSample includes patients with antibiotics fill without history of antibiotic use in prior 60 days.