Table 1.

Demographical and clinical characteristics of 5 clinical scenarios of acute heart failure^*

Clinical scenario	Demographical characteristics	Clinical characteristics	Clinical presentation
CS-1	Hypertensive AHF	Advanced age, women, DM, LVH, obesity, HT	Pulmonary edema is predominant
CS-2	Normotensive progressive AHF	Other findings of dyspnea and/or congestion	Systemic edema is predominant
CS-3	Hypotensive progressive AHF	Hypoperfusion and/or cardiogenic shock	Minimal systemic and pulmonary edema
CS-4	Acute coronary syndrome		Symptoms and findings of ACS (high troponin alone is not enough)
CS-5	Acute right HF		Right ventricular dysfunction and systemic venous congestion findings No pulmonary edema

AHF - acute heart failure; BP - blood pressure; CS - clinical scenario; DM - diabetes mellitus; HT - hypertension; LVH - left ventricular hypertrophy.

^*Adapted from reference 6