Table 1.
Age-specific Prevalence of Refractive Error in the Right Eye by Sex in CHES
| Myopia (< −0.5D)
|
High Myopia (< −5.0D)
|
Hyperopia (> +0.5D)
|
High Hyperopia (≥ +3.0D)
|
Astigmatism (> +0.5D)
|
High Astigmatism (> +2.25D)
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| na | % (95% CI) | na | % (95% CI) | na | % (95% CI) | na | % (95% CI) | na | % (95% CI) | na | % (95% CI) | |
| Total | 1425 | 35.1 (33.6, 36.6) | 302 | 7.4 (6.6, 8.3) | 1638 | 40.2 (38.7, 41.8) | 110 | 2.7 (2.2, 3.3) | 1854 | 45.6 (44.1, 47.2) | 149 | 3.7 (3.1, 4.3) |
| 50–59 yrs | 751 | 36.1 (34.1, 38.2) | 154 | 7.4 (6.3, 8.6) | 766 | 36.8 (34.8, 39.0) | 32 | 1.5 (1.1, 2.2) | 705 | 33.9 (31.9, 36.0) | 41 | 2.0 (1.4, 2.7) |
| 60–69 yrs | 524 | 36.6 (34.1, 39.1) | 132 | 9.2 (7.8, 10.8) | 603 | 42.1 (39.5, 44.7) | 42 | 2.9 (2.1, 3.9) | 744 | 51.9 (49.3, 54.5) | 53 | 3.7 (2.8, 4.8) |
| 70–79 yrs | 120 | 28.8 (24.5, 33.4) | 14 | 3.4 (1.8, 5.6) | 199 | 47.7 (42.8, 52.6) | 24 | 5.8 (3.7, 8.4) | 296 | 71.0 (66.4, 75.3) | 33 | 7.9 (5.5, 10.9) |
| 80+ yrs | 30 | 22.2 (15.5, 30.2) | 2 | 1.5 (0.2, 5.2) | 70 | 51.9 (43.1, 60.5) | 12 | 8.9 (4.7, 15.0) | 109 | 80.7 (73.1, 87.0) | 22 | 16.3 (10.5, 23.6) |
| P for trend by age | < 0.001 | 0.014 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Males | ||||||||||||
| Total | 531 | 35.5 (33.1, 38.0) | 108 | 7.2 (6.0, 8.7) | 573 | 38.3 (35.9, 40.9) | 38 | 2.5 (1.8, 3.5) | 722 | 48.3 (45.8, 50.9) | 64 | 4.3 (3.3, 5.4) |
| 50–59 yrs | 245 | 36.2 (32.6, 40.0) | 47 | 7.0 (5.2, 9.1) | 230 | 34.0 (30.5, 37.7) | 10 | 1.5 (0.7, 2.7) | 239 | 35.4 (31.7, 39.1) | 18 | 2.6 (1.6, 4.2) |
| 60–69 yrs | 214 | 38.9 (34.8, 43.1) | 55 | 10.0 (7.6, 12.8) | 210 | 38.2 (34.1, 42.4) | 11 | 2.0 (1.0, 3.6) | 287 | 52.2 (47.9, 56.4) | 23 | 4.2 (2.7, 6.2) |
| 70–79 yrs | 52 | 26.8 (20.7, 33.6) | 4 | 2.1 (0.6, 5.2) | 97 | 50.0 (42.8, 57.2) | 9 | 4.6 (2.1, 8.6) | 140 | 72.2 (65.3, 78.3) | 13 | 6.7 (3.6, 11.2) |
| 80+ yrs | 20 | 27.0 (17.4, 38.6) | 2 | 2.7 (0.3, 9.4) | 36 | 48.6 (36.9, 60.6) | 8 | 10.8 (4.8, 20.2) | 56 | 75.7 (64.3, 84.9) | 10 | 13.5 (6.7, 23.5) |
| P for trend by age | 0.030 | 0.083 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Females | ||||||||||||
| Total | 894 | 34.8 (32.9, 36.7) | 194 | 7.5 (6.6, 8.6) | 1065 | 41.4 (39.5, 43.4) | 72 | 2.8 (2.2, 3.5) | 1132 | 44.0 (42.1, 46.0) | 85 | 3.3 (2.7, 4.1) |
| 50–59 yrs | 506 | 36.1 (33.5, 38.6) | 107 | 7.6 (6.3, 9.1) | 536 | 38.2 (35.7, 40.8) | 22 | 1.6 (1.0, 2.4) | 466 | 33.2 (30.8, 35.7) | 23 | 1.6 (1.0, 2.4) |
| 60–69 yrs | 310 | 35.1 (32.0, 38.4) | 77 | 8.7 (6.9, 10.8) | 393 | 44.5 (41.2, 47.9) | 31 | 3.5 (2.4, 4.9) | 457 | 51.8 (48.4, 55.1) | 30 | 3.4 (2.3, 4.8) |
| 70–79 yrs | 68 | 30.5 (24.5, 37.0) | 10 | 4.5 (2.2, 8.1) | 102 | 45.7 (39.1, 52.5) | 15 | 6.7 (3.8, 10.9) | 156 | 70.0 (63.5, 75.9) | 20 | 9.0 (5.6, 13.5) |
| 80+ yrs | 10 | 16.4 (8.2, 28.1) | 0 | 0.0 (0.0, 5.9) | 34 | 55.7 (42.4, 68.5) | 4 | 6.6 (1.8, 15.9) | 53 | 86.9 (75.8, 94.2) | 12 | 19.7 (10.6, 31.8) |
| P for trend by age | 0.006 | 0.087 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| P for sex difference b | 0.36 | 0.97 | 0.010 | 0.21 | 0.50 | 0.61 | ||||||
Abbreviation: CHES = Chinese American Eye Study, CI=confidence interval; D=Diopters
a
Number of participants with each type of refractive error, out of 4,064 participants with refraction data of the right eye
b
Test for sex differences in the prevalence of refractive errors with adjustment for age