Figure 4.

Efficacy of chronic bisphosphonate (pamidronate) treatment on chronic osteoporosis-related cutaneous and musculoskeletal pain and physical function. Pamidronate (0.25 mg/kg) was administered 5 days/week for 5 weeks, beginning 6 months after ovariectomies or sham surgeries. Pamidronate has no effect on cutaneous plantar hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli (von Frey assay) (a) and reversed hypersensitivity to cold (acetone test) (b) and cold plate tests (c); it was ineffective against heat sensitivity in the radiant heat paw withdrawal assay (d). Pamidronate is also inactive in the grip strength assay (e) and open field test (f). Data are expressed as means ± standard error of the mean. OVX: ovariectomized; BisP: bisphosphonate; ^∗∗P < 0.01; ^∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001; and OVX group with pamidronate versus saline vehicle control, two-way analysis of variance (factors = group × time) followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons.