Mossy fiber counts and Sholl analysis in female rats. a Mossy fiber counts in sections from proestrus (Pro), metestrus (Met) and ovariectomized (OVX) females. Sampling sites are illustrated in Fig. 1. Statistical analysis: ANOVA (reproductive state × area of CA3); reproductive state F(2,18) = 0.299, p = 0.7454, interaction effect ANOVA; F(4,18) = 1.029, p = 0.4193. b–e Effects of stage of the cycle and ovariectomy on the dendritic tree structure of pyramidal neurons in areas CA3 (left panels) and CA1 (right panels). Sholl analysis of the apical (b) and basal (d) dendrites of neurons in area CA3. Sholl analysis of the apical (c) and basal (e) dendrites of neurons in area CA1. Small but statistically significant differences were observed between the three animal groups. Statistical analysis: CA3 apical ANOVA (reproductive state × distance from soma); F(2,252) = 11.415, p < 0.0001; branching in Pro females was significantly greater than either Met (Bonferroni post hoc test; p = 0.0095) or OVX (Bonferroni post hoc test; p = 0.0133) females. Branching in Met females was significantly greater than OVX (Bonferroni post hoc test; p < 0.0001). No statistically significant group-dependent differences were observed in the basal dendrites of CA3 (ANOVA; F(2,98) = 2.715, p = 0.0712). CA1 apical ANOVA: F(2,252) = 11.64, p < 0.0001; branching in OVX females significantly greater than both Pro (Bonferroni post hoc test; p = 0.0044) and Met (Bonferroni post hoc test; p < 0.0001) females. CA1 basal ANOVA: F(2,98) = 7.187, p = 0.0012; Pro females exhibited significantly greater dendritic branching than metestrus (Bonferroni post hoc test; p = 0.0003). Data represents mean ± SEM (n = 3–4 per group)