Table 4.
Unadjusted | SES/Demographic Adjusteda | Hardship/Home Ownership Adjusted (Model 1)b | Exposure Adjusted (Model 2)c | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95%CI | AOR | 95%CI | AOR | 95%CI | AOR | 95%CI | |
Asthma Diagnosis | ||||||||
Material Hardship | ||||||||
Poor Housing Qualityd | 1.61* | 1.42-1.82 | 1.46* | 1.28-1.66 | 1.45* | 1.28-1.66 | 1.35* | 1.18-1.54 |
Crowding: > 2 People/Bedroom | 1.23* | 1.05-1.44 | 1.00 | 0.84-1.19 | 0.96 | 0.81-1.14 | 0.95 | 0.80-1.12 |
Lack of Amenitiese | 1.28* | 1.16-1.41 | 1.11 | 1.00-1.23 | 1.04 | 0.94-1.16 | 1.02 | 0.91-1.15 |
No Vehicle Access | 1.67* | 1.39-2.00 | 1.21 | 1.00-1.46 | 1.13 | 0.93-1.37 | 1.10 | 0.90-1.35 |
Home Ownership | ||||||||
Unit is Owned | 0.70* | 0.64-0.77 | 0.84* | 0.76-0.94 | 0.86* | 0.76-0.96 | 0.87* | 0.78-0.98 |
Asthma ED Visits | ||||||||
Material Hardship | ||||||||
Poor Housing Qualityd | 1.95* | 1.48-2.56 | 1.59* | 1.21-2.10 | 1.59* | 1.20-2.10 | 1.49* | 1.13-1.98 |
Crowding: > 2 People/Bedroom | 1.56* | 1.08-2.26 | 1.12 | 0.72-1.73 | 1.05 | 0.69-1.61 | 1.06 | 0.69-1.63 |
Lack of Amenitiese | 1.82* | 1.46-2.27 | 1.11 | 0.84-1.47 | 0.98 | 0.74-1.31 | 0.98 | 0.73-1.30 |
No Vehicle Access | 2.52* | 1.76-3.60 | 1.23 | 0.81-1.84 | 1.11 | 0.73-1.67 | 1.10 | 0.72-1.67 |
Home Ownership | ||||||||
Unit is Owned | 0.40* | 0.31-0.51 | 0.62* | 0.46-0.82 | 0.62* | 0.46-0.84 | 0.63* | 0.46-0.85 |
Logistic regression, all analyses are weighted estimates.
statistically significant to a level of p < 0.05.
SES/Demographic Adjusted: Each predictor is adjusted for census division, metropolitan status, number of children age 6-17 per household, head of household race/ethnicity, head of household age and sex, household income as a percentage of the poverty level (<=100%, 101-249%, 250-499%, >=500%), and head of household education, but not the other material hardship predictors or home ownership (as applicable).
Hardship/Home Ownership Adjusted (Model 1): Each predictor is adjusted as in SES/Demographic adjusted analysis, and additionally adjusted for all other material hardship markers listed in the table and home ownership (as applicable).
Exposure Adjusted (Model 2): Each predictor is adjusted as in Model 1, and additionally for exposure to cigarette smoke, mold, mice and cockroach.
Poor housing quality defined as cracks in walls/floors/windows, broken plumbing, or exposed wires.
Lack of amenities defined as unit lacks any of the following: working washing machine, dishwasher, or refrigerator.