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. 2017 Mar 6;8:103. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00103

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Copyright © 2017 Duurland, Brown, O’Shaughnessy and Wedderburn.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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CD161⁺ regulatory T cells (Treg) produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and express markers typically associated with a Treg phenotype. CD127⁺CD25⁻ conventional T cells (Tconv) and CD127^lowCD25^hiFoxp3⁺ (Treg) (gated as in Figure S1 in Supplementary Material) from healthy control peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry. (A) Left plots show gating of CD161⁺ and CD161⁻ Tconv and Treg. Representative plots depicting interferon (IFN)-γ⁺ and interleukin (IL)-17⁺ cells within CD161⁻ and CD161⁺ Tconv and Treg populations. (B) Summary graphs showing percentage IFNγ⁺ and IL-17⁺ within CD161⁻ (○) and CD161⁺ () Tconv and Treg from healthy adults (n = 17–22) and children (n = 7). (C) Representative plots and summary graphs showing percentage memory cells, defined as CD45RA⁻CD45RO⁺ cells, within CD161⁻ (○) and CD161⁺ () Tconv and Treg in healthy adults (n = 18) and children (n = 8). (D) Summary graphs showing percentage IFNγ⁺ and IL-17⁺ within CD45RA⁻CD45RO⁺ CD161⁻ (○) and CD161⁺ () Tconv and Treg from healthy adults (n = 4). (E) Protein expression of CTLA4, GITR, PD1, and TIGIT within CD161⁻ (○) and CD161⁺ () Treg from healthy adults (n = 12–13) and children (n = 4–8). (F) Co-staining of CD161 and Helios, and Helios⁺ cells within CD161⁻ and CD161⁺ Treg. Summary graph showing percentage Helios⁺ within CD161⁻ (○) and CD161⁺ () Treg from healthy adults (n = 12) and children (n = 5). Statistical significance: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

Inline graphic — CD161⁺ regulatory T cells (Treg) produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and express markers typically associated with a Treg phenotype. CD127⁺CD25⁻ conventional T cells (Tconv) and CD127^lowCD25^hiFoxp3⁺ (Treg) (gated as in Figure S1 in Supplementary Material) from healthy control peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry. (A) Left plots show gating of CD161⁺ and CD161⁻ Tconv and Treg. Representative plots depicting interferon (IFN)-γ⁺ and interleukin (IL)-17⁺ cells within CD161⁻ and CD161⁺ Tconv and Treg populations. (B) Summary graphs showing percentage IFNγ⁺ and IL-17⁺ within CD161⁻ (○) and CD161⁺ () Tconv and Treg from healthy adults (n = 17–22) and children (n = 7). (C) Representative plots and summary graphs showing percentage memory cells, defined as CD45RA⁻CD45RO⁺ cells, within CD161⁻ (○) and CD161⁺ () Tconv and Treg in healthy adults (n = 18) and children (n = 8). (D) Summary graphs showing percentage IFNγ⁺ and IL-17⁺ within CD45RA⁻CD45RO⁺ CD161⁻ (○) and CD161⁺ () Tconv and Treg from healthy adults (n = 4). (E) Protein expression of CTLA4, GITR, PD1, and TIGIT within CD161⁻ (○) and CD161⁺ () Treg from healthy adults (n = 12–13) and children (n = 4–8). (F) Co-staining of CD161 and Helios, and Helios⁺ cells within CD161⁻ and CD161⁺ Treg. Summary graph showing percentage Helios⁺ within CD161⁻ (○) and CD161⁺ () Treg from healthy adults (n = 12) and children (n = 5). Statistical significance: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.