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. 2017 Mar 6;4:12. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2017.00012

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Copyright © 2017 Ram, Brasch, Dunne, Davis, Tan and Itinteang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Representative DAB immunohistochemical-stained sections of moderately differentiated lip squamous cell carcinoma demonstrating nuclear membrane staining of CD44 [(A), brown] on cells within the stroma and cell membrane staining on cells within the tumor nests (TNs). Nuclear staining of NANOG [(B), red] was seen in cells within the TNs and the stroma. Patchy areas of weak staining for phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 [(C), brown] was detected on cells within the TNs. Focal moderate expression of spalt-like transcription factor 4 [(D), brown] on cells within the TNs and weak staining on cells within the stroma. Widespread and strong staining of sex-determining region Y-box 2 [(E), brown] was seen on cells within the TNs and the stroma. Staining for octamer-binding transcription factor 4 [(F), red] was limited to cells within the stroma. Original magnification: 200×.