Table 2.

Loads used to simulate flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation.

	Flexion	Extension	Lateral bending	Axial rotation
Rohlmann et al. [23, 24]	1175 N + 7.5 Nm	500 N + 7.5 Nm	—	—
Dreischarf et al. [25, 26]	—	—	700 N + 7.8 Nm	720 N + 5.5 Nm