Table 1.
Characteristics of RCT studies included in the meta-analysis.
| Study | Year | Country | Period | Groups | Sampling Size | Age | Renal Failure Confirmation | Matching |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molsted et al. | 2004 | Denmark | 1991–2000 | Exercise | 11 | 59 | Medical records | Age, sex |
| Control | 9 | 48 | ||||||
| Henrique et al. | 2010 | Brazil | 2003–2005 | Exercise | 7 | 47.6 | Pathologically confirmed | Age |
| Control | 7 | 42.5 | ||||||
| Greenwood et al. | 2015 | UK | 2010–2012 | Exercise | 8 | 53.8 | Medical records | Age, sex |
| Control | 10 | 53.3 | ||||||
| Svarstad et al. | 2002 | Norway | 1998–2000 | Exercise | 7 | 50 | Medical records | Age |
| Control | 8 | 31 | ||||||
| Messonnier et al. | 2012 | France | 2008–2010 | Exercise | 11 | 26.4 | Pathologically confirmed | Age, sex |
| Control | 11 | 25.3 | ||||||
| McMahon et al. | 1999 | Australia | 1996–1998 | Exercise | 5 | 58 | Pathologically confirmed | Age, income |
| Control | 9 | 34 | ||||||
| Cupisti et al. | 2004 | Italy | 1995–2002 | Exercise | 28 | 46 | Medical records | Age, sex |
| Control | 28 | 43 | ||||||
| Cho and Sohng | 2014 | Korea | 2000–2012 | Exercise | 23 | 60.8 | Pathologically confirmed | Age, sex |
| Control | 23 | 57.7 | ||||||
| Li et al. | 2012 | China | 1995–2011 | Exercise | 25 | 24.24 | Medical records | Age |
| Control | 25 | 22.12 |