Table 6. Genotypic frequencies of polymorphic variants related to T1D of patients with type 1 diabetes and controls before and after correction for population stratification.
| Genes | Genotypes | T1D n(%) | Controls n (%) | OR | CI 95% | p no structured | p structured |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| INS-VNTR | I/I | 284 (60.7%) | 120 (32.2%) | 3.25 | 2.44–4.33 | <0.0001 | <0.001 |
| I/III + III/III | 184 (39.3%) | 253 (67.8%) | |||||
| PTPN22 | cc | 375 (81%) | 614 (89.4%) | ||||
| (1858T) | ct + tt | 88 (19.0%) | 73 (10.6%) | 1.97 | 1.40–2.75 | <0.0001 | <0.001 |
| CTLA4 | aa | 296 (45.5%) | 276 (45.0%) | ||||
| (+49 A/G) | ag + gg | 355 (54.5%) | 338 (55.0%) | — | — | — | — |
T1D = type 1 diabetes mellitus; n = number of individuals; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; INS-VNTR = variation in the number of repetitions of nucleotides 5′ of the insulin gene; PTPN22 = tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 22; CTLA4 = Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4.