Table 1.
Characteristics of publications included in meta‐analysis of hair color, MC1R p.R151C, and p.R160W polymorphisms and risk for PD
| Publication (reference#) | Study type | Study/population | Study size | Exposures | Effect estimate RR or OR (95% CI) | Adjustment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gao5 |
Cohort nested case– control |
HPFS NHS |
Cohort study: 132,302 participants and 539 PD cases Case–control study: PD cases: 272 Controls: 1185 |
Red versus black hair color p.R151C |
RR = 1.93 (1.08, 3.43) OR = 1.37 (0.99, 1.89) |
smoking, ethnicity, BMI, nonsteroid antiinflammatory drug, alcohol intake, caffeine intake, lactose |
| Dong7 | Nested case– control | PAGE within NIH‐AARP Diet and Health Cohort | PD cases: 808 Controls: 1623 |
Red versus black hair color p.R160W |
OR = 1.36 (0.66, 2.79) OR = 1.14 (0.89, 1.44) |
age, sex, smoking status, and caffeine intake |
| Case–control | IPDGC | PD cases: 5333 Controls: 12019 | p.R151C | OR = 1.06 (0.94, 1.09) | ||
| p.R160W | OR = 0.98 (0.89, 1.07) | |||||
| Tell‐Marti8 | Case–control |
Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit of Hospital Clinic of Barcelona Spanish Mediterranean Caucasians |
PD cases: 870 Controls: 736 | p.R151C | OR = 1.25 (0.80, 1.95) | age, sex |
| p.R160W | OR = 2.10 (1.18, 3.73) | |||||
| Lubbe9 | Cohort | “An additional large cohort collected through IPDGC”9 |
PD cases: 5944 Controls: 4642 |
p.R160W | OR = 1.01 (0.90, 1.13) | sex, population stratification |
| Gan‐Or10 | Case–control | Columbia University Medical Center, New York | PD cases: 539 Controls: 265 | p.R151C | OR = 0.77 (0.48, 1.23) | age, sex |
| p.R160W | OR = 0.92 (0.53, 1.57) | |||||
| Case–control |
Montreal Neurological Institute European ancestry |
PD cases: 551 Controls: 956 | p.R151C | OR = 0.92 (0.57, 1.47) | ||
| p.R160W | OR = 1.13 (0.68, 1.90) | |||||
| Lorenzo‐Betancor11 | Case–control |
Mayo Clinic Non‐Hispanic Caucasian |
PD cases: 889 Controls: 940 | p.R151C | OR = 1.27 (P = 0.068) | |
| p.R160W | OR = 1.06 (P = 0.62) |
RR, the relative risks; OR, odds ratios; CI, confidence intervals; HPFS, the health professionals follow‐up study; NHS, the nurses’ health study; PD, Parkinson's disease; BMI, body mass index; PAGE, Parkinson's genes and environment; AARP, the American Association of Retired Persons; IPDGC, International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium.