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. 2017 Mar 6;7:43426. doi: 10.1038/srep43426

Figure 3. Increased IL-33 production in nasopharyngeal fluid of children with Asthma and Gram negative bacterial colonization in NPF.

Figure 3

Decreased IL-33 production in children with Asthma after antibiotic therapy and in control children after antibiotic therapy in absence of S. aureus (a) Increased IL-33 production in the NPF of asthmatic children with Gram negative bacterial colonization at baseline and follow up visit as compared to asthmatic children with Gram negative and positive bacterial colonization (Gram−/+) (p = 0.0181). IL-33 levels in asthmatic children Gram−/+were significantly decreased as compared to the corresponding control group (p = 0.0121). (b) Lower values of FEV1 in children with asthma are associated with Gram negative nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization at time of recruitment (B0). Significantly lower percentage of FEV1 in children with asthma and Haemophilus influenzae or Moraxella catarrhalis than in healthy children (n = 4–8; p = 0,0238, Mann-Whitney U test). (c) Decreased IL-33 production measured in the NPF of asthmatic children after antibiotic therapy (p = 0.0274). (d) Decreased level of IL-33 measured in the NPF of control children in absence of S. aureus (SA-) in NPF after antibiotic treatment ( + AB) p = 0.045. (a: n = 7,6,9,21,13,20; b: n = 11,11,7,16; c: n = 6,10,6,13). Statistic values: (a) Control children (C) Gram+/− vs Asthma children (A) Gram+/−: p = 0.0121; C Gram- vs A Gram-: p = 0.15; C PNC vs A PNC: p = 0.29; C PNC vs C Gram-: p = 0.46; C PNC vs C Gram−/+: p = 0.14; C Gram- vs C Gram−/+: p = 0.14; A PNC vs A Gram-: p = 0.086; A PNC vs A Gram−/+: p = 0.058. (c) C no AB vs C + AB: p = 0.13 ; C + AB vs A + AB: p = 0.29; (d) C + AB-SA vs A + AB-SA: p = 0.14; A no AB-SA vs A + AB-SA: p = 0.067; C no AB-SA vs A no AB-SA: p = 0.10.