Table 4. All-Cause Mortality Hazard Ratios by Race/Ethnicity for Received Support and a 6-Level Social Integration Variable; 2001 US National Health Interview Survey.
| Black (N = 4,201) | White (N = 20,217) | Hispanic (N = 5,097) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P Value | HR | 95% CI | P Value | HR | 95% CI | P Value | |
| Social support | |||||||||
| Never/rarely | (referent) | — | — | ||||||
| Sometimes | 0.83 | 0.56, 1.21 | 0.328 | 0.94 | 0.77, 1.15 | 0.529 | 1.44 | 0.80, 2.61 | 0.222 |
| Usually | 0.80 | 0.53, 1.20 | 0.282 | 0.98 | 0.81, 1.17 | 0.798 | 1.52 | 0.81, 2.88 | 0.192 |
| Always | 0.87 | 0.60, 1.25 | 0.448 | 0.96 | 0.80, 1.15 | 0.652 | 1.78 | 1.02, 3.10 | 0.041 |
| Social integration | |||||||||
| 0–3 ties | (referent) | — | — | ||||||
| 4 ties | 0.86 | 0.61, 1.22 | 0.407 | 0.94 | 0.80, 1.10 | 0.415 | 0.61 | 0.37, 1.00 | 0.048 |
| 5 ties | 0.80 | 0.58, 1.11 | 0.180 | 0.84 | 0.73, 0.96 | 0.010 | 0.57 | 0.38, 0.84 | 0.005 |
| 6 ties | 0.84 | 0.59, 1.19 | 0.317 | 0.71 | 0.61, 0.83 | <0.001 | 0.56 | 0.36, 0.86 | 0.009 |
| 7 ties | 0.72 | 0.50, 1.02 | 0.068 | 0.64 | 0.55, 0.74 | <0.001 | 0.53 | 0.32, 0.88 | 0.014 |
| 8 ties | 0.56 | 0.34, 0.92 | 0.021 | 0.54 | 0.45, 0.64 | <0.001 | 0.49 | 0.28, 0.87 | 0.015 |
Note: HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval. Survival models are stratified by 5-year age cohorts, sex, education, chronic disease, home tenure (own vs. rent/other) and covary workforce status (working, retired, out of work, never worked) and smoking (yes, no).