Cell proliferation of control (CTRL), ACLY-KO (C9), and ACSS2-KO (C3 and C11) HFs. Control, C9, C3, and C11 HFs were plated at 30,000 cells per well in 12-well plates. Cell numbers were counted at days 1, 2, and 3 after plating. Data are shown as mean ± SD of triplicates.