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. 2017 Feb 14;114(9):2413–2418. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1621065114

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5.

Chronic activation of AgRP impairs fertility in female mice. (A–D) Chronic administration of CNO in the drinking water (gray highlight indicates CNO treatment; administered in the drinking water as described in Fig. 4. (A and B) Cycle stage characterization of an experimental and control animal before and during the presentation of CNO in the drinking water. (C) Average length of time between proestrus; within subject comparisons before and during CNO treatment. H2O vs. CNO. Control group: paired two-tailed Student’s t test: H2O (M = 4.31, SD = 0.37) vs. CNO (M = 4.54, SD = 0.43): t(7) = 2.09, n.s. P = 0.075. Experimental group (ad libitum access): paired two-tailed Student’s t test: H2O (M = 4.70, SD = 0.54) vs. CNO (M = 9.42, SD = 3.07): t(5) = 3.86, *P = 0.012. Experimental group (pair fed): paired two-tailed Student’s t test: H2O (M = 4.93, SD = 0.67) vs. CNO (M = 9.86, SD = 4.49): t(6) = 4.88, *P = 0.019. (D) Fertility test: control and experimental animals were treated with CNO drinking water and mated with WT males. The latency from initial exposure to a male until conception is presented (assuming a gestation period of 20 d). mCherry vs. hM3Dq. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test: mCherry (n = 11; M = 2.73, SE = 0.47) vs. hM3Dq (n = 8; M = 7.63, SE = 2.10): t(17) = 2.64, *P = 0.02. D, diestrus; M, metestrus; E, estrus; P, proestrus.