Table 5.

Prevalence ratios for white coat hypertension, masked hypertension, and masked isolated nocturnal hypertension associated with diabetes among Jackson Heart Study participants taking antihypertensive medication.

	No Diabetes	Diabetes
White Coat Hypertension	N=110	N=55
Prevalence, n (%)	39 (35.5%)	14 (25.5%)
Prevalence ratio (95% CI)
Model 1	1 (ref)	0.78 (0.47–1.31)
Model 2	1 (ref)	0.79 (0.47–1.32)
Model 3	1 (ref)	0.66 (0.39–1.11)
Masked Hypertension	N=261	N=141
Prevalence, n (%)	77 (29.5%)	55 (39.0%)
Prevalence ratio (95% CI)
Model 1	1 (ref)	1.32 (1.00–1.74)
Model 2	1 (ref)	1.43 (1.08–1.88)
Model 3	1 (ref)	1.46 (1.11–1.93)
Masked Isolated Nocturnal Hypertension	N=184	N=86
Prevalence, n (%)	61 (33.2%)	42 (48.8%)
Prevalence ratio (95% CI)
Model 1	1 (ref)	1.49 (1.11–2.00)
Model 2	1 (ref)	1.48 (1.09–2.01)
Model 3	1 (ref)	1.38 (1.02–1.89)

CI: confidence interval

See Table 1 for the definitions of white coat hypertension, masked hypertension and masked isolated nocturnal hypertension.

Analyses of white coat hypertension restricted to participants with elevated clinic blood pressure.

Analyses of masked hypertension restricted to participants without elevated clinic blood pressure.

Analyses of masked isolated nocturnal hypertension restricted to participants without elevated clinic blood pressure and without daytime hypertension.

Model 1 is adjusted for age and sex.

Model 2 is adjusted for variables in Model 1 + education, marital status, current smoking, physical activity, BMI.

Model 3 is adjusted for variables in Model 2 + history of stroke, history of myocardial infarction, total and HDL-cholesterol, and taking ≥ 3 classes of antihypertensive medications.