Fig. 2.

Comparison of 2 complementary local methods to activate the PB subregion. Left: microinjection of AMPA produced a marked tachypnea mainly by decreasing Te (from ∼10 s to ∼5 s). Center: after return to baseline conditions, monopolar stimulation of 100 Hz during the E phase (Fstep) via a carbon fiber in 1 barrel of a multibarrel pipette shortened Te from ∼10 s to ∼2 s. Te values are updated at the onset of each PNG and are seen during the following cycle. Right: repeated microinjection of AMPA induced a response comparable to the initial microinjection, demonstrating repeatability of the responses.