Table II. List of symbols.

Symbol	Description	Unit
AVT	Anisothermal vapor transport	–
ci	Intercellular CO2 concentration	μmol mol−1
Dwa	Diffusivity of water vapor in air	m2 s−1
ΔT	Vertical temperature gradient within leaf	°C
E	Leaf transpiration rate	mmol m−2 s−1
Ei	Stomatal transpiration from node i	mol s−1
Faniso,ij	AVT from node i to node j	mol s−1
Fi	Net AVT out of node i	mol s−1
fTK	Thermal conductivity of cells divided by that of pure water	Unitless
gbh	Boundary layer conductance to heat	mol m−2 s−1
Gi	Net IVT and AVT out of node i	mol s−1
gbw	Boundary layer conductance to water	mol m−2 s−1
gm	Mesophyll conductance to CO2	mol m−2 s−1
gs	gs to water	mol m−2 s−1
gtw	Total conductance to water	mol m−2 s−1
Hi	Net sensible heat loss from node i	J s−1
IVT	Isothermal vapor transport	–
Kf,ij	Conductance for AVT from node i to node j	mol s−1 K−1
Kg,ij	Conductance for IVT from node i to node j	mol s−1 Pa−1
Kh,ij	Conductance for sensible heat transfer from node i to node j	mol s−1 K−1
Kleaf	Leaf hydraulic conductance	mmol m−2 s−1 Pa−1
Kl,ij	Conductance for liquid water transport from node i to node j	mol s−1 Pa−1
Kox	Outside-xylem hydraulic conductance	mmol m−2 s−1 MPa−1
Kplant	Whole-plant hydraulic conductance	mmol m−2 s−1 MPa−1
λ	Latent heat of vaporization	J mol−1
Li	Net liquid water loss from node i	mol s−1
Pm	Cell membrane osmotic water permeability	μm s−1
PPFD	Photosynthetic photon flux density at adaxial surface	μmol m−2 s−1
psat	Saturation vapor pressure	Pa
Ra	Effective Poiseuille radius of apoplastic nanopathways	nm
Qi	Net radiative energy loss from node i	J s−1
T	Temperature	°C or K
Tair	Air temperature	°C
t	Leaf thickness	m
Ti	Temperature at node i	°C
Tm	Measured leaf temperature (T at lower surface)	°C
Vi	Evaporation from node i	mol s−1
VLA	Vein length per unit of leaf area	mm−1
Vw	Molar volume of water	m3 mol−1
wair	Water vapor mole fraction of ambient air	mol mol−1
wavg	Average of wair and wleaf	mol mol−1
wleaf	Water vapor mole fraction in leaf intercellular airspaces	mol mol−1
wsat	Saturation vapor pressure divided by atmospheric pressure	mol mol−1
w′s	wsat evaluated at Tm	mol mol−1
ψ	Water potential	Pa or MPa
ψi	Water potential of node i	Pa
ψeq	Water potential of an excised, nontranspiring, equilibrated leaf	Pa or MPa