Table 1.
Baseline descriptive statistics by study site and treatment group (n=58)
| Variable | University of Michigan | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1, n=17 | Group 2, n=20 | Group 1, n=12 | Group 2, n=9 | |
| Phase 1 diet | Salt restricted | Usual | Salt restricted | Usual |
| Demographics/anthropometrics | ||||
| Age, yr | 56.2±14.0 | 64.0±11.4 | 56.9±14.7 | 67.0±8.6 |
| Men | 47.1% (8) | 75.0% (15) | 58.3% (7) | 55.6% (5) |
| Black | 11.8% (2) | 15.0% (3) | 66.7% (8) | 44.4% (4) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 33.7±6.6 | 31.8±4.8 | 29.8±5.1 | 33.1±6.8 |
| CKD stage | ||||
| 3a, eGFR≥45 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 29.4% (5) | 40.0% (8) | 8.3% (1) | 33.3% (3) |
| 3b, eGFR<45 to ≤30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 35.3% (6) | 25.0% (5) | 50.0% (6) | 66.7% (6) |
| 4, eGFR<30 to ≤15 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 35.3% (6) | 35.0% (7) | 41.7% (5) | 0.0% (0) |
| Cause of CKD | ||||
| Diabetes | 17.6% (3) | 40.0% (8) | 8.3% (1) | 11.1% (1) |
| Hypertension | 35.3% (6) | 45.0% (9) | 25.0% (3) | 33.3% (3) |
| Other | 29.4% (5) | 25.0% (5) | 50.0% (6) | 33.3% (3) |
| Unknown | 11.8% (2) | 10.0% (2) | 33.3% (4) | 0.0% (0) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes | 41.2% (7) | 45.0% (9) | 33.3% (4) | 55.6% (5) |
| Hypertension | 94.1% (16) | 95.0% (25) | 91.7% (11) | 88.9% (8) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 23.5% (4) | 20.0% (4) | 16.7% (2) | 44.4% (4) |
| Cancer | 17.6% (3) | 40.0% (8) | 0.0% (0) | 22.2% (2) |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | 11.8% (2) | 0.0% (0) | 33.3% (4) | 44.4% (4) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 35.3% (6) | 50.0% (10) | 41.7% (5) | 77.8% (7) |
| Average systolic BP (SBP) | ||||
| In-center standing SBP, mm/Hg | 128.4±17.1 | 137.9±17.0 | 129.8±18.8 | 125.1±11.5 |
| In-center supine SBP, mm/Hg | 129.9±14.6 | 139.5±19.1 | 130.8±19.8 | 126.1±7.6 |
| 24-hour ambulatory SBP, mm/Hg | 142.7±21.8 | 142.3±13.0 | 133.4±13.8 | 128.6±12.3 |
| 24-hour ambulatory heart rate, bpm | 73.3±12.1 | 68.8±8.8 | 72.7±9.1 | 72.9±10.2 |
| Volume statusa | ||||
| Edema (yes/no) | 29.4% (5) | 50.0% (10) | 16.7% (2) | 33.3% (3) |
| Clinically euvolemic (yes/no) | 88.2% (15) | 65.0% (13) | 83.3% (10) | 87.5% (7) |
| Clinically hypervolemic (yes/no) | 11.8% (2) | 35.0% (7) | 8.3% (1) | 12.5% (1) |
| Laboratory measurements (serum) | ||||
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 2.0±0.8 | 1.8±0.6 | 2.1±0.5 | 1.6±0.3 |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 36.4±11.9 | 40.5±13.6 | 34.5±9.3 | 43.4±8.2 |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 139.2±3.8 | 140.2±2.4 | 140.7±3.3 | 141.3±2.6 |
| Potassium, mEq/L | 4.5±0.6 | 4.5±0.6 | 4.7±0.7 | 4.5±0.5 |
| Carbon dioxide, mEq/L | 27.2±2.6 | 28.0±2.6 | 24.4±3.3 | 27.4±3.4 |
| Glucose, mg/dlb | 108 (90, 137) | 105.0 (88.5, 145.5) | 101.5 (80.5, 127) | 149 (107, 202.8) |
| Laboratory measurements (urine) | ||||
| Albumin excretion, mg/24 hb | 69.2 (17.3, 442.1) | 116.5 (12.8, 720.5) | 143.5 (44.4, 200.8) | 42.8 (32.5, 102.3) |
| Potassium, mmol/24 h | 60.6±24.9 | 59.2±23.4 | 69.0±37.5 | 73.7±25.5 |
| Creatinine, g/24 h | 1.3±0.4 | 1.5±0.3 | 1.7±0.6 | 1.5±0.4 |
| Sodium, mEq/24 h | 169.9±39.9 | 167.3±48.1 | 180.8±51.0 | 167.6±55.9 |
| Albumin-to-creatinine ratio, mg/gb | 41.1 (12.0, 290.1) | 107.7 (14.2, 447.8) | 80.1 (13.9, 805.7) | 18.5 (11.1, 70.8) |
Continuous variables are reported as mean±SD for normally distributed variables and as median (25th, 75th percentiles) for skewed variables. Categorical variables are reported as % (n).
a
Volume status was evaluated by physical at initial evaluation. Patients were deemed clinically euvolemic if there was no jugular venous pressure elevation, pulmonary rales, and peripheral and/or sacral edema.
b
Median (25th, 75th percentiles) reported for skewed variables.