Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants at the time of study enrollment
| Variable | All, n=1946 | Survivors, n=1561 | Nonsurvivors, n=385 | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 56.1±13.5 | 53.8±13.1 | 65.1±11.0 | <0.001 |
| Women | 840 (43.2%) | 698 (44.7%) | 143 (37.1%) | 0.01 |
| Hemodialysis | 1254 (64.4%) | 981 (62.8%) | 273 (70.9%) | 0.02 |
| Dialysis vintage, mo (IQR) | 9 (3–39) | 7 (3–36) | 19 (3–48) | <0.001 |
| Patients on incident dialysis | 826 (42.4%) | 721 (46.2%) | 105 (27.3%) | <0.001 |
| Primary renal disease | <0.001 | |||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 920 (47.3%) | 677 (43.4%) | 243 (63.1%) | |
| Hypertensive | 365 (18.8%) | 295 (18.9%) | 70 (18.2%) | |
| GN | 349 (17.9%) | 318 (20.4%) | 31 (8.1%) | |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 60 (3.1%) | 53 (3.4%) | 7 (1.8%) | |
| Modified CCI | 5.2±2.4 | 4.7±2.2 | 6.9±2.4 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 996 (51.2%) | 738 (47.3%) | 258 (67.0%) | <0.001 |
| CVDa | 709 (36.4%) | 492 (31.5%) | 217 (56.4%) | <0.001 |
| Smoker | 766 (39.4%) | 595 (38.1%) | 171 (44.4%) | 0.03 |
| SBP, mmHg | 139.2±21.0 | 139.2±20.9 | 139.3±21.4 | 0.90 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.6±3.3 | 22.6±3.3 | 22.4±3.2 | 0.27 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 9.9±1.7 | 9.9±1.7 | 10.1±1.6 | 0.03 |
| BUN, mg/dl | 71.7±31.1 | 73.7±32.2 | 63.3±24.9 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 9.3±3.5 | 9.6±3.7 | 8.2±2.7 | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/dl | 3.7±0.6 | 3.7±0.5 | 3.6±0.6 | <0.001 |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 136.9±72.1 | 131.5±63.1 | 154.9±81.1 | <0.001 |
| Calcium, mg/dl | 8.4±1.2 | 8.4±1.2 | 8.4±0.8 | 0.002 |
| Phosphorus, mg/dl | 5.3±1.9 | 5.3±1.9 | 4.6±1.5 | <0.001 |
| hs-CRP (IQR), mg/dl | 0.19 (0.04–0.74) | 0.16 (0.04–0.62) | 0.33 (0.08–1.06) | <0.001 |
| B2M (IQR), mg/Lb | 20.5 (12.1–29.0) | 20.0 (11.3–28.6) | 22.5 (14.4–30.6) | <0.001 |
| NT-proBNP (IQR), pg/mlc | 3296 (1715–30,597) | 6901 (1539–29,938) | 16,787 (2580–38,268) | <0.001 |
| Medications | ||||
| RAS blockers | 1118 (57.5%) | 899 (57.6%) | 219 (56.9%) | 0.82 |
| β-Blockers | 906 (46.6%) | 703 (45.0%) | 203 (52.7%) | 0.01 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 987 (50.7%) | 806 (51.6%) | 181 (47.0%) | 0.11 |
| Diuretics | 958 (49.2%) | 782 (50.1%) | 176 (45.7%) | 0.13 |
| Dialysis urea clearance | ||||
| Kt/Vurea (HD)d | 1.4±0.3 | 1.4±0.4 | 1.4±0.3 | 0.19 |
| Weekly peritoneal Kt/Vurea (PD)e | 1.4±0.5 | 1.4±0.5 | 1.4±0.6 | 0.27 |
| GFR-24U (IQR), ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 2.0 (0.1–5.4) | 2.3 (0.1–5.6) | 0.8 (0.1–4.6) | <0.001 |
| eGFR-urea,creat (IQR), ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 2.5 (1.7–3.9) | 2.4 (1.6–3.8) | 2.7 (1.8–4.2) | 0.003 |
| eGFR B2M (IQR), ml/min per 1.73 m2b | 2.3 (1.0–7.7) | 2.5 (1.1–8.1) | 1.9 (0.9–5.5) | 0.001 |
| UV (IQR), L/d | 0.50 (0.04–1.10) | 0.60 (0.04–1.10) | 0.20 (0.03–0.81) | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as the mean±SD, median (IQR), or number of patients (percentage). IQR, interquartile range; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; SBP, systolic BP; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; B2M, β2-microglobulin; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide; RAS, renin-angiotensin system; HD, hemodialysis; PD, peritoneal dialysis; GFR-24U, GFR by 24-hour urine collection; eGFR-urea,creat, estimated GFR calculated from the serum urea and creatinine concentrations; UV, urine volume.
CVD is a composite of coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, cerebrovascular accidents, and congestive heart failure.
B2M concentrations were available for 1640 patients.
NT-proBNP concentrations were available for 721 patients.
Kt/Vurea was measured in 1254 patients on HD.
Weekly peritoneal Kt/Vurea was measured in 692 patients on PD.