Table 2.
Patient and geographic characteristics stratified by dialysis facility choices and Herfindahl–Hirschman Index in 2011
| Patient and Geographic Characteristics | Quartile of Facility Choices | Quartile of Concentration Index | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| More Competitive | Less Competitive | More Competitive | Less Competitive | |||||
| First | Second | Third | Fourth | First | Second | Third | Fourth | |
| Mean no. of facility choices or HHI | 19.2 | 7.2 | 3.9 | 1.5 | 0.24 | 0.36 | 0.50 | 0.75 |
| Patient demographic and health characteristics | ||||||||
| Age, mean | 60.8 | 61.4 | 62.1 | 62.1 | 61.1 | 61.1 | 62.1 | 62.1 |
| Women, % | 44.6 | 44.5 | 44.9 | 45.6 | 44.5 | 44.7 | 45.3 | 45.2 |
| White, %a,b | 47.4 | 50.0 | 59.8 | 59.4 | 45.7 | 51.2 | 61.3 | 61.1 |
| Black, %a,b | 44.8 | 43.7 | 33.9 | 33.2 | 46.2 | 43.2 | 30.7 | 32.7 |
| Native American, %a,b | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 3.2 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 3.0 |
| Asian, %a,b | 6.5 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 4.0 | 6.9 | 4.0 | 6.2 | 2.9 |
| Reported Hispanic, % | 6.7 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 7.0 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 5.9 |
| Comorbidity score, mean | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.0 |
| Health insurance types, % | ||||||||
| Medicaid eligible | 37.6 | 36.6 | 36.5 | 38.7 | 37.6 | 36.5 | 36.8 | 38.3 |
| Medicare as primary insurera,b | 62.7 | 69.5 | 71.9 | 77.6 | 64.1 | 68.1 | 72.5 | 78.0 |
| Private group insurance | 4.5 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 4.8 |
| Geographic characteristics | ||||||||
| Rural/small town, %a,b | 2.5 | 3.8 | 8.4 | 20.7 | 1.1 | 2.5 | 9.9 | 23.2 |
| Metropolitan, %a,b | 95.3 | 92.1 | 82.0 | 56.2 | 98.3 | 94.9 | 79.6 | 50.5 |
| No high school education, % of HSAa | 22.7 | 18.0 | 17.4 | 17.8 | 21.1 | 19.0 | 17.8 | 17.5 |
| Poverty, % of HSA | 19.4 | 18.8 | 17.2 | 18.0 | 19.6 | 18.5 | 16.9 | 17.8 |
Note that standardized difference quantifies the difference in means between comparison groups as a share of the pooled SD for the two groups. HHI, Herfindahl–Hirschman Index; HSA, hospital service area.
a
Signifies >10% standardized difference in a comparison of the 1st and 4th quartiles of facility choices.
b
Signifies >10% standardized difference in a comparison of the 1st and 4th quartiles of HHI.