Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the overall study population comparing those activated with those remaining inactive
| Candidate Characteristic | Overall | Activated | Inactive/Never Activated | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidates | 84,783 (100) | 59,147 (69.8) | 25,636 (30.2) | — |
| Median age (25th, 75th), yr | 53 (42, 61) | 52 (41, 60) | 54 (45, 62) | <0.001 |
| Men | 50,476 (59.5) | 35,581 (60.2) | 14,895 (58.1) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | |||
| White | 41,015 (48.4) | 29,975 (50.7) | 11,040 (43.1) | |
| Black | 25,215 (29.7) | 16,769 (28.4) | 8446 (33.0) | |
| Hispanic | 12,563 (14.8) | 8241 (13.9) | 4332 (16.9) | |
| Asian | 4622 (5.5) | 3283 (5.6) | 1339 (5.2) | |
| Other | 1368 (1.6) | 879 (1.5) | 489 (1.9) | |
| Blood type | <0.001 | |||
| A | 28,486 (33.6) | 20,251 (34.2) | 8235 (32.1) | |
| B | 12,220 (14.4) | 8441 (14.3) | 3779 (14.7) | |
| AB | 3489 (4.1) | 2533 (4.3) | 956 (3.7) | |
| O | 40,588 (47.9) | 27,922 (47.2) | 12,666 (49.4) | |
| BMI at listing, kg/m2 | <0.001 | |||
| ≤30 | 52,582 (62.0) | 37,796 (63.9) | 14,786 (57.7) | |
| 30–34.9 | 18,657 (22.0) | 13,389 (22.6) | 5268 (20.6) | |
| 35–39.9 | 9932 (11.7) | 6235 (10.5) | 3697 (14.4) | |
| 40–44.9 | 2709 (3.2) | 1322 (2.2) | 1387 (5.4) | |
| 45–64.9 | 903 (1.1) | 405 (0.7) | 498 (1.9) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 37,553 (44.3) | 24,003 (40.6) | 13,550 (52.9) | <0.001 |
| PRA | ||||
| Median (25th, 75th) | 0 (0, 28) | 0 (0, 37) | 0 (0, 9) | <0.001 |
| >80% | 11,482 (13.5) | 8850 (15.0) | 2632 (10.3) | <0.001 |
| Dialysis at listing | 62,018 (73.2) | 42,233 (71.4) | 19,785 (77.2) | <0.001 |
| Education level | <0.001 | |||
| Below high school | 5171 (6.1) | 3250 (5.5) | 1921 (7.5) | |
| High school or GED | 34,142 (40.3) | 23,195 (39.2) | 10,947 (42.7) | |
| College or above | 36,612 (43.2) | 26,599 (45.0) | 10,013 (39.1) | |
| Unknown | 8858 (10.5) | 6103 (10.3) | 2755 (10.8) | |
| Previous transplantation | 11,916 (14.1) | 8636 (14.6) | 3280 (12.8) | <0.001 |
| Primary cause of ESRD, % | <0.001 | |||
| Diabetes | 28,760 (33.9) | 18,244 (30.9) | 10,516 (41.0) | |
| Hypertension | 17,775 (21.0) | 12,142 (20.5) | 5633 (22.0) | |
| GN | 13,429 (15.8) | 10,550 (17.8) | 2879 (11.2) | |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 5681 (6.7) | 4652 (7.9) | 1029 (4.0) | |
| Other | 19,138 (22.6) | 13,559 (22.9) | 5579 (21.8) | |
| Public insurance | 46,694 (55.1) | 30,430 (51.5) | 16,264 (63.4) | <0.001 |
| Zip code–level characteristics | ||||
| Linguistically isolated households | <0.001 | |||
| <1 | 8166 (9.6) | 6102 (10.3) | 2064 (8.1) | |
| 1–4.9 | 38,406 (45.30) | 27,626 (46.7) | 10,780 (42.10) | |
| 5–9.9 | 13,495 (15.9) | 9493 (16.1) | 4002 (15.6) | |
| 10–19.9 | 11,765 (13.9) | 7760 (13.1) | 4005 (15.6) | |
| ≥20 | 12,951 (15.3) | 8166 (13.8) | 4785 (18.7) | |
| Households below poverty level | <0.001 | |||
| <5 | 25,820 (30.5) | 18,827 (31.8) | 6993 (27.3) | |
| 5–9.9 | 23,666 (27.9) | 16,899 (28.6) | 6767 (26.4) | |
| 10–19.9 | 22,998 (27.1) | 15,597 (26.4) | 7401 (28.9) | |
| ≥20 | 12,299 (14.5) | 7824 (13.2) | 4475 (17.5) | |
| Households with < HS education | <0.001 | |||
| <5 | 33,147 (39.1) | 24,296 (41.1) | 8851 (34.5) | |
| 5–9.9 | 26,871 (31.7) | 18,766 (31.7) | 8105 (31.6) | |
| 10–19.9 | 18,109 (21.4) | 11,926 (20.2) | 6183 (24.1) | |
| ≥20 | 6656 (7.9) | 4159 (7.0) | 2497 (9.7) | |
| Reasons for inactive status | <0.001 | |||
| Transplant evaluation incomplete | 46,165 (54.5) | 30,956 (52.3) | 15,209 (59.3) | |
| Other | 38,618 (45.6) | 28,191 (47.7) | 10,427 (40.7) |
Values are presented as N (%) unless otherwise indicated. —, not applicable; BMI, body mass index; PRA, panel reactive antibody; GED, General Education Diploma; HS, high school.