Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate competing risks regressions for conversion to active status in the overall population
| Variable (Reference) and Level | Univariate | Multivariate Model 1a | Multivariate Model 2b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subhazard Ratio (95% CI) | P Value | Subhazard Ratio (95% CI) | P Value | Subhazard Ratio (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Sex (women) | ||||||
| Men | 1.05 (1.03 to 1.07) | <0.001 | 1.08 (1.06 to 1.10) | <0.001 | 1.08 (1.06 to 1.10) | <0.001 |
| Age (<40), yr | ||||||
| 40–49 | 0.91 (0.89 to 0.94) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.89 to 0.94) | <0.001 | 0.92 (0.89 to 0.94) | <0.001 |
| 50–59 | 0.84 (0.82 to 0.86) | <0.001 | 0.85 (0.82 to 0.87) | <0.001 | 0.85 (0.83 to 0.87) | <0.001 |
| ≥60 | 0.80 (0.78 to 0.82) | <0.001 | 0.81 (0.79 to 0.83) | <0.001 | 0.81 (0.79 to 0.83) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity, % (white) | ||||||
| Black | 0.78 (0.77 to 0.80) | <0.001 | 0.84 (0.82 to 0.87) | <0.001 | 0.87 (0.85 to 0.89) | <0.001 |
| Hispanic | 0.76 (0.73 to 0.79) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.82 to 0.88) | <0.001 | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.02) | 0.36 |
| Asian | 0.88 (0.85 to 0.92) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.82 to 0.90) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.92 to 1.00) | 0.04 |
| Other | 0.75 (0.70 to 0.81) | <0.001 | 0.82 (0.76 to 0.88) | <0.001 | 0.87 (0.80 to 0.94) | <0.001 |
| Blood type (O) | ||||||
| A | 1.07 (1.06 to 1.09) | <0.001 | 1.04 (1.02 to 1.06) | <0.001 | 1.04 (1.02 to 1.06) | <0.001 |
| B | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) | 0.99 | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.05) | 0.05 | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.05) | 0.05 |
| AB | 1.10 (1.06 to 1.15) | <0.001 | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.13) | <0.001 | 1.08 (1.04 to 1.13) | <0.001 |
| BMI at listing (<30 kg/m2), % | ||||||
| 30–34.9 | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) | 0.85 | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.05) | 0.02 | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04) | 0.07 |
| 35–39.9 | 0.76 (0.73 to 0.78) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.75 to 0.80) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.75 to 0.79) | <0.001 |
| 40–44.9 | 0.49 (0.47 to 0.52) | <0.001 | 0.50 (0.47 to 0.53) | <0.001 | 0.50 (0.47 to 0.52) | <0.001 |
| 45–64.9 | 0.44 (0.40 to 0.49) | <0.001 | 0.44 (0.40 to 0.48) | <0.001 | 0.44 (0.40 to 0.49) | <0.001 |
| PRA (<80%) | ||||||
| ≥80% | 1.20 (1.18 to 1.23) | <0.001 | 1.25 (1.22 to 1.28) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.21 to 1.27) | <0.001 |
| Dialysis at listing (no) | ||||||
| Yes | 0.86 (0.85 to 0.88) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 0.39 | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) | 0.76 |
| Education (college or above) | ||||||
| Less than high school | 0.75 (0.72 to 0.79) | <0.001 | 0.94 (0.88 to 0.99) | 0.03 | 0.95 (0.90 to 1.01) | 0.12 |
| High school or GED | 0.87 (0.86 to 0.89) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.92 to 0.98) | 0.002 | 0.94 (0.91 to 0.97) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94) | <0.001 | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04) | 0.02 | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04) | 0.01 |
| Primary cause of ESRD (diabetes) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 1.13 (1.10 to 1.15) | 1.14 (1.11 to 1.17) | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.11 to 1.17) | <0.001 | |
| GN | 1.49 (1.46 to 1.53) | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.31 to 1.38) | <0.001 | 1.33 (1.29 to 1.36) | <0.001 |
| Polycystic kidney | 1.63 (1.57 to 1.68) | <0.001 | 1.40 (1.35 to 1.45) | <0.001 | 1.39 (1.34 to 1.44) | <0.001 |
| Other | 1.22 (1.19 to 1.25) | <0.001 | 1.11 (1.08 to 1.14) | <0.001 | 1.11 (1.08 to 1.14) | <0.001 |
| Insurance type (private) | ||||||
| Public | 0.76 (0.75 to 0.77) | <0.001 | 0.80 (0.79 to 0.82) | <0.001 | 0.80 (0.78 to 0.81) | <0.001 |
| Previous transplant (no) | ||||||
| Yes | 1.07 (1.05 to 1.10) | <0.001 | 0.90 (0.88 to 0.93) | <0.001 | 0.90 (0.88 to 0.93) | <0.001 |
| Zip code–level characteristic | <0.001 | |||||
| Linguistically isolated households (<1%), % | ||||||
| 1–4.9 | 0.89 (0.85 to 0.92) | <0.001 | — | — | 0.89 (0.86 to 0.93) | <0.001 |
| 5–9.9 | 0.83 (0.79 to 0.87) | <0.001 | — | — | 0.83 (0.80 to 0.87) | <0.001 |
| 10–19.9 | 0.72 (0.69 to 0.76) | <0.001 | — | — | 0.76 (0.72 to 0.80) | <0.001 |
| ≥20 | 0.66 (0.63 to 0.69) | <0.001 | — | — | 0.71 (0.67 to 0.76) | <0.001 |
| Households below poverty level (<5%), % | ||||||
| 5–9.9 | 0.96 (0.93 to 0.99) | <0.01 | — | — | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.07) | 0.03 |
| 10–19.9 | 0.86 (0.83 to 0.89) | <0.001 | — | — | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.07) | 0.12 |
| ≥20 | 0.74 (0.71 to 0.77) | <0.001 | — | — | 1.00 (0.95 to 1.06) | 0.99 |
| Zip code households with less than high school education (<5%), % | ||||||
| 5–9.9 | 0.91 (0.88 to 0.93) | <0.001 | — | — | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.06) | 0.24 |
| 10–19.9 | 0.80 (0.77 to 0.83) | <0.001 | — | — | 0.95 (0.91 to 0.99) | 0.03 |
| ≥20 | 0.71 (0.67 to 0.75) | <0.001 | — | — | 0.98 (0.90 to 1.06) | 0.61 |
95% CI, 95% confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; PRA, panel reactive antibody; GED, General Education Diploma; —, not applicable.
a
Multivariate model 1 was adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, blood type, BMI at listing, percentage of PRAs (<80% versus ≥80%), dialysis status at waitlist registration, highest education level achieved, primary cause of ESRD, primary insurance type, and history of previous transplant.
b
Multivariate model 2 was adjusted for all covariates in multivariate model 1 in addition to percentages of linguistically isolated households, households below poverty level, and households with less than high school education within the candidate’s zip code of residence.