Table 2. The incidence and hazard ratio for cataract and cataract-associated risk factor.

Variable	Event	PY	Rate#	Crude HR(95% CI)	Adjusted HR† (95% CI)
HCV infection
No	3738	273224	1.37	1.00	1.00
Yes	1148	61686	1.86	1.36(1.27, 1.45)***	1.23(1.14, 1.32)***
Age, year
≤ 49	396	181705	0.22	1.00	1.00
50–64	2686	11684	2.41	11.1(10.0, 12.4)***	9.20(8.27, 10.3)***
65+	1804	41520	4.34	20.2(18.1, 22.6)***	14.8(13.2, 16.6)***
Sex
Female	2653	153042	1.73	1.41(1.34, 1.50)***	1.22(1.15, 1.29)***
Male	2233	181868	1.23	1.00	1.00
Comorbidity
Cirrhosis
No	4728	329724	1.43	1.00	1.00
Yes	158	5186	3.05	2.09(1.79, 2.45)***	1.09(0.92, 1.29)
Diabetes
No	4079	315418	1.29	1.00	1.00
Yes	807	19472	4.14	3.18(2.94, 3.43)***	1.41(1.30, 1.52)***
Hypertension
No	2458	258134	0.95	1.00	1.00
Yes	2428	76776	3.16	3.31(3.13, 3.51)***	1.13(1.06, 1.21)***
Hyperlipidemia
No	3341	285523	1.17	1.00	1.00
Yes	1545	49386	3.13	2.66(2.51, 2.83)***	1.25(1.17, 1.34)***
Asthma
No	4445	320217	1.39	1.00	1.00
Yes	441	14693	3.00	2.14(1.94, 2.37)***	1.01(0.91, 1.13)
COPD
No	4125	312943	1.32	1.00	1.00
Yes	761	21967	3.46	2.61(2.41, 2.82)***	1.12(1.03, 1.22)**
Coronary artery disease
No	3670	302987	1.21	1.00	1.00
Yes	1216	31923	3.81	3.13(2.93, 3.34)***	0.97(0.87, 1.08)
Alcohol-related illness
No	4486	319089	1.41	1.00	1.00
Yes	400	15821	2.53	0.86(0.73, 1.02)	-
Anxiety
No	4743	323774	1.46	1.00	1.00
Yes	143	11136	1.28	1.78(1.60, 1.97)***	0.97(0.87, 1.08)

Rate^#, incidence rate, per 100 person-years; Crude HR, relative hazard ratio; Adjusted HR^†: multivariable analysis including age, average number of clinic visits/per year, and comorbidities of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, asthma, COPD, coronary artery disease, and anxiety;

** p < 0.01,

*** p<0.001