Table 3. Incidence of cataract by age, sex and comorbidity and Cox model measured hazards ratio for patients with HCV infection compared those without HCV infection.
| HCV infection | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | |||||||
| Variables | Event | PY | Rate# | Event | PY | Rate# | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR† (95% CI) |
| Age, years | ||||||||
| ≤ 49 | 266 | 146547 | 0.18 | 130 | 35159 | 0.37 | 2.05(1.66, 2.53)*** | 1.47(1.18, 1.84)*** |
| 50–64 | 2026 | 91782 | 2.21 | 660 | 19902 | 3.32 | 1.52(1.39, 1.66)*** | 1.30(1.18, 1.42)*** |
| 65+ | 1446 | 34896 | 4.14 | 358 | 6624 | 5.40 | 1.28(1.14, 1.44)*** | 1.20(1.06, 1.36)** |
| P for interaction | 0.12 | |||||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 2007 | 124459 | 1.61 | 646 | 28583 | 2.26 | 1.40(1.28, 1.53)*** | 1.37(1.24, 1.50)*** |
| Male | 1731 | 148765 | 1.16 | 502 | 33103 | 1.52 | 1.30(1.18, 1.44)*** | 1.24(1.11, 1.37)*** |
| P for interaction | 0.28 | |||||||
| Comorbidity‡ | ||||||||
| No | 1235 | 178228 | 0.69 | 195 | 27008 | 0.72 | 1.04(0.90, 1.21) | 1.45(1.25, 1.69)*** |
| Yes | 2503 | 94996 | 2.63 | 953 | 34678 | 2.75 | 1.04(0.97, 1.12) | 1.26(1.16, 1.35)*** |
| P for interaction | 0.99 | |||||||
| Cirrhosis | ||||||||
| No | 3719 | 272567 | 1.36 | 1009 | 57157 | 1.77 | 1.29(1.21, 1.39)*** | 1.32(1.23, 1.42)*** |
| Yes | 19 | 657 | 2.89 | 139 | 4529 | 3.07 | 1.03(0.64, 1.66) | 1.02(0.63, 1.66) |
| P for interaction | 0.41 | |||||||
| Diabetes | ||||||||
| No | 3189 | 260099 | 1.23 | 890 | 55319 | 1.61 | 1.31(1.22, 1.41)*** | 1.35(1.25, 1.45)*** |
| Yes | 549 | 13125 | 4.18 | 258 | 6367 | 4.05 | 0.97(0.84, 1.12) | 1.09(0.94, 1.27) |
| P for interaction | <0.001 | |||||||
| Hypertension | ||||||||
| No | 1935 | 214096 | 0.90 | 523 | 44038 | 1.19 | 1.32(1.20, 1.45)*** | 1.46(1.32, 1.62)*** |
| Yes | 1803 | 59128 | 3.05 | 625 | 17648 | 3.54 | 1.16(1.06, 1.27)** | 1.20(1.09, 1.32)*** |
| P for interaction | 0.07 | |||||||
| Hyperlipidemia | ||||||||
| No | 2622 | 236880 | 1.11 | 719 | 48643 | 1.48 | 1.33(1.23, 1.45)*** | 1.31(1.20, 1.43)*** |
| Yes | 1116 | 36344 | 3.07 | 429 | 13043 | 3.29 | 1.07(0.96, 1.20) | 1.24(1.11, 1.39)*** |
| P for interaction | 0.002 | |||||||
| Asthma | ||||||||
| No | 3429 | 262296 | 1.31 | 1016 | 57921 | 1.75 | 1.34(1.25, 1.44)*** | 1.31(1.22, 1.42)*** |
| Yes | 309 | 10928 | 2.83 | 132 | 3765 | 3.51 | 1.23(1.01, 1.51)* | 1.28(1.03, 1.58)* |
| P for interaction | 0.47 | |||||||
| COPD | ||||||||
| No | 3213 | 257267 | 1.25 | 912 | 55676 | 1.64 | 1.31(1.22, 1.41)*** | 1.31(1.21, 1.42)*** |
| Yes | 525 | 15957 | 3.29 | 236 | 6010 | 3.93 | 1.19(1.02, 1.39)* | 1.26(1.07, 1.47)** |
| P for interaction | 0.28 | |||||||
| Coronary artery disease | ||||||||
| No | 2871 | 249646 | 1.15 | 799 | 53341 | 1.50 | 1.30(1.20, 1.41)*** | 1.34(1.23, 1.46)*** |
| Yes | 867 | 23578 | 3.68 | 349 | 8345 | 4.18 | 1.13(1.00, 1.28) | 1.20(1.05, 1.37)** |
| P for interaction | 0.07 | |||||||
| Alcohol-related illness | ||||||||
| No | 3660 | 267617 | 1.37 | 1083 | 56157 | 1.93 | 1.41(1.32, 1.51)*** | 1.35(1.25, 1.45)*** |
| Yes | 78 | 5607 | 1.39 | 65 | 5529 | 1.18 | 0.84(0.61, 1.17) | 0.98(0.69, 1.40) |
| P for interaction | 0.003 | |||||||
| Anxiety | ||||||||
| No | 3488 | 262698 | 1.33 | 998 | 56392 | 1.77 | 1.33(1.24, 1.43)*** | 1.29(1.19, 1.39)*** |
| Yes | 250 | 10527 | 2.37 | 150 | 5294 | 2.83 | 1.19(0.97, 1.46) | 1.45(1.18, 1.80)*** |
| P for interaction | 0.32 | |||||||
Rate#, incidence rate, per 100 person-years; Crude HR, relative hazard ratio; Adjusted HR†: multivariable analysis including age, average number of clinic visits/per year, and comorbidities of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, asthma, COPD, coronary artery disease, and anxiety;
Comorbidity‡: Only to have one of comorbidities (including cirrhosis, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, asthma, COPD, coronary artery disease, alcohol-related illness and anxiety) classified as the comorbidity group
* p < 0.05,
** p<0.01,
*** p<0.001