Table 4. Life table parameters of P. crisonalis reared at different temperatures.

	21°C	24°C	27°C	30°C	33°C	36°C
	$\overline{x}+\text{SE}$	$\overline{x}+\text{SE}$	$\overline{x}+\text{SE}$	$\overline{x}+\text{SE}$	$\overline{x}+\text{SE}$	$\overline{x}+\text{SE}$
R0	0.17±0.108c	66.88±16.533a	51.02±11.136a	16.37±5.999b	0.26±0.164c	0.11±0.071c
GRR	3.14±1.930bc	227.12±52.212a	464.66±102.679a	304.03±88.509a	1.15±0.767c	4.67±1.766b
r	-0.041±0.013b	0.14±0.009a	0.13±0.008a	0.11±0.018a	-0.07±0.028bc	-0.15±0.040c
λ	0.96±0.012b	1.15±0.010a	1.14±0.009a	1.12±0.019a	0.94±0.026bc	0.86±0.034c
T	42.80±1.521a	30.16±0.264b	30.86±0.49b	24.47±0.999c	20.08±0.759d	14.59±0.381e

Note: R_0, net reproductive rate; GRR, gross reproductive rate; r, intrinsic rate of increase; λ, finite rate of increase; T, mean generation time; $\overline{x}$, mean value; SE, standard error. Means followed by different letters in the same row are significantly different by using paired bootstrap test based on the CI of difference. Standard errors were estimated by using 1,000,000 bootstrap resampling