Table 1.
General Characteristics of Contemporary RCTs for Cardiac Arrest Stratified by Type. CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; IHCA, in-hospital cardiac arrest; IQR, interquartile range; OHCA, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; RCT, randomized controlled trial; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia.
| Variable | Total (N=92) | OHCA (N=81) | IHCA (N=4) | OHCA/THCA (N=7) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects | 64,309 | 60,447 | 724 | 3138 |
| Median/study (IQR) | 225.5 (119-703.75) | 234 (120-750) | 178 (142-217) | 145 (104-460.5) |
| Average Patient Age [μ (σ)] | 65.6 (3.2) | 65.5 (3.0) | 66.2 (3.5) | 66.2 (4.6) |
| Percent Male [%(σ)] | 69.7 (8.6) | 70.6 (8.4) | 65.0 (5.5) | 62.2 (8.9) |
| Witnessed Arrest [% (σ)] | 74.0 (17.3) | 72.7 (17.6) | 81.0 (8.3) | 86.4 (14.7) |
| Bystander CPR [% (σ)] | 41.1 (21.9) | 40.1 (20.3) | N/A | 45.3 (34.8) |
| Multicenter | 61 (66.3) | 55 (67.9) | 2 (50.0) | 4 (57.1) |
| U.S. only | 18 (19.6) | 17 (21.0) | 1 (25.0) | 0 |
| Positive Outcome | 25 (27.2) | 23 (28.4) | 2 (50.0) | 0 |
| Industry-sponsored | 52 (56.5) | 47 (58.0) | 2 (50.0) | 3 (42.9) |
| Publication Year | ||||
| 1995-1999 | 19 (20.7) | 15 (18.5) | 1 (25.0) | 3 (42.9) |
| 2000-2004 | 20 (21.7) | 19 (23.5) | 1 (25.0) | 0 |
| 2005-2009 | 23 (25.0) | 22 (27.2) | 1 (25.0) | 0 |
| 2010-2014 | 30 (32.6) | 25 (30.9) | 1 (25.0) | 4 (57.1) |
| Type of Intervention | ||||
| Drug | 38 (41.3) | 31 (38.3) | 4 (100.0) | 3 (42.9) |
| Device | 39 (42.4) | 36 (44.4) | 0 | 3 (42.9) |
| Process Improvement | 15 (16.3) | 14 (17.3) | 0 | 1 (14.3) |
| Timing of Intervention | ||||
| During Cardiac Arrest | 74 (80.4) | 68 (84.0) | 1 (25.0) | 5 (71.4) |
| Post Cardiac Arrest | 15 (16.3) | 13 (16.0) | 0 | 2 (28.6) |
| During/Post Cardiac Arrest | 3 (3.3) | 0 | 3 (75.0) | 0 |
| Initial Arrest Rhythm | ||||
| Pulseless VT/VF | 19 (20.7) | 19 (23.5) | 0 | 0 |
| PEA | 7 (7.6) | 6 (7.4) | 0 | 1 (14.3) |
| Both | 66 (71.7) | 56 (69.1) | 4 (100.0) | 6 (85.7) |
Continuous Variables are reported as [μ (σ)] and categorical variables are reported as [n (%)]. Most variables are categorical. Data for population characteristics provided for intervention group of RCTs.