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Major and minor metabolic routes of ginsenoside Rb1 (Qi et al., 2011; Wan et al., 2013). Compound K, a major metabolite of ginsenoside Rb1, can be further biotransformed to protopanaxadiol (PPD) or possibly other compounds. Ginsenoside Rh2, including both 20S- and 20R- stereoisomeric forms, was detected in feces samples as a minor metabolite via another metabolic pathway from ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg3.
