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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 6.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurochem. 2017 Mar;140(6):919–940. doi: 10.1111/jnc.13950

Figure 1.

Figure 1

.1H NMR spectrum of an aqueous extract of the brain from an Akp2+/+ mouse. (A) 2.9-0.8 ppm region, (B) 4.4-2.9 ppm region, (C) 7.5-5.65 ppm region, (D) 9.3-7.5 ppm region. (A) and (B) regions of the spectrum: valine (Val), isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), lactate (Lac), alanine (Ala), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), oxoproline (Oxo), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acetate (Ace), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG), succinate (Suc), aspartate (Asp), citrate (Cit), asparagine (Asn), malate (Mal), creatine (Cr), phosphocreatine (PCr), taurine (Tau), phosphoethanolamine (PE), choline (Cho), phosphocholine (PC), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), betaine (Bet) and glycine (Gly). Methanol (MeOH) is a residual solvent. (C) and (D) regions of the spectrum: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), nicotinamide (Nico), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenine (Ade), adenosine mono-, di- and triphosphate (AXP), guanosine triphosphate (GTP), guanosine diphosphate (GDP), guanosine monophosphate (GMP), guanosine mono-, di- and triphosphate (GXP), uridine triphosphate (UTP), uridine diphosphate (UDP), uridine monophosphate (UMP), uridine mono-, di- and triphosphate (UXP), cytidine mono-, di- and triphosphate (CXP), phenylalanine (Phe), tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), histidine (His), 3-methylhistidine (3-MHis), fumarate (Fum). Peaks for the most abundant compounds (Tau and Cr) have been truncated.