Table 1.
Concentrations, along with the considered NMR signals, of the 39 metabolites identified in aqueous brain extracts of Akp2+/+ (+/+), Akp2+/− (+/−), and Akp2−/− (−/−) mice brains (s: singlet; d: doublet; dd: doublet of doublet; t: triplet; m: multiplet). The 8 discriminating metabolites are shown at the top of the table (bold), followed by the 31 other metabolites alphabetically listed. The mean concentrations and standard deviations (SD) are expressed in nmol/g of wet brain tissue. Variations were calculated with the mean concentration values (CI: 95% confidence interval).
| Metabolites | NMR signals considered for quantification (δ, multiplicity) |
Mean concentration nmol/g (SD) |
Variation Ratio of the means [CI low-CI high] |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| −/− | +/− | ||||||
| +/+ | +/− | −/− | vs +/+ | vs +/− | vs +/+ | ||
| Adenosine | 8.327 (s) | 37 (29) |
25 (8) |
5 (2) |
0.14 [0.08-0.29] |
0.20 [0.14-0.28] |
0.69 [0.43-1.40] |
|
| |||||||
| Cystathionine | 2.884 (ABd system)a | 94 (31) |
67 (23) |
366 (62) |
3.89 [3.10-5.05] |
5.49 [4.36-7.14] |
0.71 [0.52-0.96] |
|
| |||||||
| GABA | 2.288 (t) | 1169 (87) |
1 165 (64) |
702 (33) |
0.60 [0.57-0.64] |
0.60 [0.58-0.63] |
1,00 [0.94-1.06] |
|
| |||||||
| Methionine | 2.127 (s) | 94 (19) |
83 (16) |
141 (48) |
1.50 [1.11-1.93] |
1.69 [1.27-2.16] |
0.89 [0.75-1.05] |
|
| |||||||
| 3-methylhistidine | 6.810 (s) | 27 (11) |
34 (9) |
47 (11) |
1.75 [1.31-2.43] |
1.39 [1.10-1.75] |
1.26 [0.95-1.74] |
|
| |||||||
| Histidine | 6.955 (s) | 156 (31) |
138 (16) |
187 (37) |
1.20 [0.99-1.44] |
1.36 [1.15-1.57] |
0.88 [0.77-1.02] |
|
| |||||||
| NAA | 2.024 (s) | 1 719 (199) |
1 680 (173) |
2 010 (192) |
1.17 [1.06-1.29] |
1.20 [1.09-1.31] |
0.98 [0.89-1.08] |
|
| |||||||
| NAAG | 2.058 (s) | 702 (63) |
691 (43) |
794 (54) |
1.13 [1.05-1.22] |
1.15 [1.08-1.22] |
0.99 [0.92-1.06] |
|
| |||||||
| AMP | 8.532 (s) | 925 (152) |
913 (103) |
1 023 (194) |
1.11 [0.93-1.31] |
1.12 [0.96-1.29] |
0.99 [0.88-1.12] |
|
| |||||||
| ADP | 8.473 (s) | 479 (137) |
605 (190) |
465 (152) |
0.97 [0.71-1.30] |
0.77 [0.56-1.03] |
1.26 [0.97-1.64] |
|
| |||||||
| ATP | 8.458 (s) | 179 (85) |
185 (76) |
132 (74) |
0.74 [0.42-1.20] |
0.71 [0.42-1.11] |
1.03 [0.70-1.57] |
|
| |||||||
| Alanine | 1.379 (d) | 662 (150) |
633 (75) |
662 (143) |
1,00 [0.81-1.23] |
1.05 [0.88-1.23] |
0.96 [0.82-1.13] |
|
| |||||||
| Arginine | 3.186 (t) a | 715 (102) |
641 (112) |
688 (150) |
0.96 [0.80-1.14] |
1.07 [0.89-1.29] |
0.90 [0.78-1.03] |
|
| |||||||
| Aspartate | 3.740 (dd) a | 1 370 (311) |
1 055 (174) |
1 432 (462) |
1.05 [0.78-1.35] |
1.36 (1.04-1.71] |
0.77 (0.65-0.92] |
|
| |||||||
| Betaine | 3.271 (s) | 35 (5) |
35 (3) |
43 (7) |
1.22 [1.05-1.42] |
1.23 [1.07-1.40] |
0.99 [0.90-1.10] |
|
| |||||||
| Choline | 3.205 (s) | 77 (29) |
68 (9) |
64 (7) |
0.83 [0.66-1.10] |
0.94 [0.84-1.05] |
0.89 [0.71-1.17] |
|
| |||||||
| Creatine | 3.039 (s) | 4 813 (467) |
4 485 (321) |
4 355 (255) |
0.91 [0.84-0.98] |
0.97 [0.92-1.03] |
0.93 [0.87-1.01] |
|
| |||||||
| Fumarate | 6.524 (s) | 33 (8) |
30 (5) |
35 (6) |
1.05 [0.86-1.29] |
1.15 [0.98-1.34] |
0.91 [0.76-1.11] |
|
| |||||||
| Glutamate | 2.277 (t) | 3 477 (461) |
3 279 (331) |
3 531 (325) |
1.02 [0.92-1.13] |
1.08 [0.99-1.18] |
0.94 [0.85-1.05] |
|
| |||||||
| Glutamine | 2.344 (m) | 2 805 (453) |
2 859 (333) |
2 703 (434) |
0.96 [0.83-1.12] |
0.95 [0.83-1.08] |
1.02 [0.90-1.16] |
|
| |||||||
| Glutathione disulfide | 3.783 (AB system) a | 676 (88) |
645 (45) |
667 (97) |
0.99 [0.86-1.12] |
1.04 [0.92-1.15] |
0.95 [0.87-1.05] |
|
| |||||||
| Glycerophosphocholine | 3.23.4 (s) | 289 (47) |
299 (30) |
308 (32) |
1.06 [0.94-1.21] |
1.03 [0.94-1.13] |
1.03 [0.92-1.17] |
|
| |||||||
| Glycine | 3.380 (s) | 1 321 (149) |
1 237 (149) |
1 256 (197) |
0.95 [0.83-1.08] |
1.02 [0.89-1.16] |
0.94 [0.85-1.04] |
|
| |||||||
| GMP | 8.091 (s) | 157 (40) |
127 (38) |
177 (40) |
1.13 [0.90-1.42] |
1.40 [1.10-1.79] |
0.81 [0.63-1.03] |
|
| |||||||
| Isoleucine | 0.975 (d) a | 70 (19) |
74 (10) |
73 (15) |
1.04 [0.83-1.30] |
0.99 [0.83-1.16] |
1.05 [0.88-1.28] |
|
| |||||||
| Lactate | 1.333 (d) | 2 823 (707) |
2 740 (499) |
3 315 (682) |
1.17 [0.95-1.46] |
1.21 (1.00-1.46] |
0.97 [0.81-1.19] |
|
| |||||||
| Leucine | 0.925 (d) a | 234 (52) |
234 (020) |
254 (52) |
1.09 [0.89-1.33] |
1.09 [0.92-1.26] |
1.00 [0.87-1.17] |
|
| |||||||
| NAD+ | 8.748 (d), 9.013 (d) and 9.273 (s) | 160 (24) |
146 (15) |
157 (25) |
0.99 [0.85-1.14] |
1.08 [0.95-1.22] |
0.91 [0.82-1.02] |
|
| |||||||
| Nicotinamide | 8.716 (dd) and 8.946 (d) | 35 (10) |
32 (9) |
46 (12) |
1.30 [1.00-1.70] |
1.43 [1.11-1.84] |
0.91 [0.70-1.18] |
|
| |||||||
| Oxoproline | 2.387 (m) | 323 (67) |
311 (53) |
374 (117) |
1.16 [0.88-1.48] |
1.21 [0.93-1.51] |
0.96 [0.82-1.14] |
|
| |||||||
| Phenylalanine | 7.348 (m) | 108 (16) |
106 (12) |
123 (18) |
1.14 [1.01-1.30] |
1.16 [1.06-1.28] |
0.98 [0.87-1.10] |
|
| |||||||
| Phosphocholine | 3.225 (s) | 879 (88) |
907 (98) |
1 072 (171) |
1.22 [1.07-1.38] |
1.18 [1.03-1.34] |
1.03 [0.94-1.13] |
|
| |||||||
| Phosphocreatine | 3.046 (s) | 506 (78) |
596 (216) |
504 (112) |
1,00 [0.82-1.19] |
0.85 [0.65-1.13] |
1.18 [0.91-1.47] |
|
| |||||||
| Phosphoethanolamine | 3.136 (m) | 3 129 (371) |
3 056 (192) |
3 003 (230) |
0.96 [0.88-1.05] |
0.98 [0.92-1.05] |
0.98 [0.90-1.06] |
|
| |||||||
| Succinate | 2.407 (s) | 201 (34) |
195 (18) |
228 (34) |
1.13 [0.98-1.32] |
1.17 [1.04-1.31] |
0.97 [0.86-1.10] |
|
| |||||||
| Taurine | 3.085 (s) | 14 153 (1 206) |
13 996 (666) |
14 312 (1 401) |
1.01 [0.93-1.10] |
1.02 [0.95-1.10] |
0.99 [0.93-1.05] |
|
| |||||||
| Tryptophane | 7.183 (m) and 7.530 (m) | 41 (15) |
43 (6) |
54 (19) |
1.31 [0.92-1.84] |
1.26 [0.94-1.59] |
1.04 [0.83-1.36] |
|
| |||||||
| Tyrosine | 6.771 and 7.107 (AA’XX’ system) | 141 (38) |
138 (15) |
150 (31) |
1.07 [0.86-1.34] |
1.09 [0.93-1.27] |
0.98 [0.82-1.19] |
|
| |||||||
| Valine | 0.989 (d) | 118 (27) |
126 (18) |
122 (21) |
1.03 [0.86-1.25] |
0.97 [0.83-1.12] |
1.07 [0.91-1.27] |
a
Only a part of the signal was considered for quantification.